Feedforward inhibition of neurons is a fundamental component information flow control in the brain. We studied roles played by neurogliaform cells (NGFCs) stratum lacunosum moleculare hippocampus providing feedforward to CA1 pyramidal cells. recorded from synaptically coupled pairs anatomically identified NGFCs and found that, strikingly, single presynaptic action potential evoked biphasic unitary IPSC (uIPSC), consisting two distinct components mediated GABA_A GABA_B...

The kinetics of GABAergic synaptic currents can vary by an order magnitude depending on the cell type. neurogliaform (NGFC) has recently been identified as a key generator slow GABA(A) receptor-mediated volume transmission in isocortex. However, mechanisms underlying IPSCs and their use-dependent plasticity remain unknown. Here, we provide experimental modeling data showing that hippocampal NGFCs generate unusually prolonged (tens milliseconds) but low-concentration (micromolar range) GABA...

Contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2) is found at the nodes of Ranvier and has been associated with physiological properties white matter conductivity. Genetic variation in CNTNAP2, gene encoding Caspr2, linked to several neurodevelopmental conditions, yet pathophysiological effects CNTNAP2 mutations on axonal physiology brain myelination are unknown. Here, we have investigated mouse mutants for Cntnap2 profound deficiencies clustering Kv1-family potassium channels juxtaparanodes...

Synaptic transmission between hippocampal mossy fibers (MFs) and CA3 pyramidal cells exhibits remarkable use-dependent plasticity. The underlying presynaptic mechanisms, however, remain poorly understood. Here, we have used fluorescent Ca 2+ indicators Fluo-4, Fluo-5F, Oregon Green BAPTA-1 to investigate dynamics in individual giant MF boutons (MFBs) area traced from the somata of granule held whole-cell mode. In an MFB, a single action potential induces brief peak free (estimated range 8–9...

Presynaptic kainate receptors (KARs) modulate transmission between dentate granule cells and CA3 pyramidal neurons. Whether presynaptic KARs affect other synapses made by cell axons [mossy fibers (MFs)], on hilar mossy or interneurons, is not known. Nor it known whether glutamate release from a single MF sufficient to activate these receptors. Here, we monitor Ca 2+ in identified boutons traced bodies. We show that action potential activates both stores, contributing use-dependent...

Abstract: The ontogeny of the cerebral pyruvate recycling pathway and cellular localization associated enzymes, malic enzyme (ME) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), have been investigated using a combination 13 C NMR spectroscopy, enzymatic analysis, molecular biology approaches. Activity pathway, [1,2‐ 2 ]acetate as substrate, was detected by in brain extracts 3 weeks after birth, increasing progressively up to third month age. In whole‐brain homogenates, ME activity increased adult...

Subthreshold somatic depolarization has been shown recently to modulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release in cortical neurons. To understand the mechanisms underlying this mode of signaling axons dentate granule cells (hippocampal mossy fibers), we have combined two-photon Ca 2+ imaging with dual-patch recordings from somata and giant boutons forming synapses on CA3 pyramidal cells. In intact axons, subthreshold propagates both orthodromically antidromically, an estimated length constant...

The establishment of neural circuits depends on the ability axonal growth cones to sense their surrounding environment en route target. To achieve this, a coordinated rearrangement cytoskeleton in response extracellular cues is essential. Although previous studies have identified different chemotropic and adhesion molecules that influence development, molecular mechanism by which these signals control remains poorly understood. Here, we show vivo conditional ablation focal kinase gene (Fak)...

Abstract Action potential (AP) generation is the key to information-processing in brain. Although APs are normally initiated axonal initial segment, developmental adaptation or prolonged network activity may alter initiation site geometry thus affecting cell excitability. Here we find that hippocampal dentate granule cells adapt their spiking threshold kinetics of ongoing dendrosomatic excitatory input by expanding AP-initiation area away from soma while also decelerating local spikes....

The research aimed to analyze the effectiveness of a training program for K-12 teachers in improving their perceptions flourishing, job satisfaction, work as meaning, and efficacy, well students' academic performance. study involved 147 3544 students. A 'quasi-experimental' pretest-posttest with control group design was adopted. results showed significant improvements performance all teacher variables experimental group. Targeting interventions towards educators has immense potential...

Abstract The subiculum (SUB) is a region located at the core of hippocampal formation. SUB receives input from grid cells in medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) and place CA1 area. Moreover, this structure mediates output hippocampus to cortical sub-cortical areas involved processing different types information. Despite potential relevance SUB, its role memory spatial coding remains poorly studied. Previous work described heterogeneous population neurons, with evidence geometry environment...

Emotion influences memory. Emotional intelligence contributes to regulate emotions in life activities, such as affective relationships, teamwork, or tolerance frustration. A high score emotional is usually related with scores other cognitive skills. Here we tested the relationship of two types memory: autobiographical and everyday was assessed through a short version EQ-i inventory. For memory evaluation used Spanish adaptations Memory Functioning Questionnaire (MFQ), Autobiographical Test...

We typically process verbal information through individual sensory channels: visual (reading), auditory (listening), or tactile (Braille), although these modalities can also be combined (e.g., reading and listening simultaneously). Inclusive educational technology, such as voice-to-text transcription (VTT), enhances comprehension, particularly for individuals with low discrimination attention deficits. In this project, we used eye-tracking to analyze eye movements during in dual modes...

Following the invasion of Ukraine in 2022, thousands Ukrainian children were enrolled schools across European countries. In Spain, vast majority these had no prior knowledge Spanish. The objective this study is to evaluate whether language barrier can be reduced through use real-time transcription and speech-to-text translation technology during classroom lessons. Two activities conducted: reading a fable delivery brief lecture on neuroscience. These performed simultaneously with two groups:...

ABSTRACT Reading is a crucial skill for critical thinking and cognitive development, yet many individuals experience difficulties that impact their daily lives. This study examines the neurophysiological differences between proficient struggling readers using electroencephalography (EEG). The analysis focuses on alpha (8-12 Hz) beta (13-30 frequency bands, which are prominently involved in language-related processes, although other bands also contribute significantly to language...

SUMMARY The axon initial segment (AIS) is the site of action potential initiation in many cell types. large density Na + channels and small intraluminal volume AIS underlie largest spike-dependent raise along neuron. Our Ca 2+ imaging experiments dentate granule cells reveal that /Ca exchanger contributes to fast clearance at expense entry specifically during short bursts potentials. thought be irreversibly disrupted brain ischemia by - dependent protease calpain, as an early step leading...