We have investigated the susceptibility and entropy in thermally isolated system of silver nuclei down to 0.8 nK and, at negative temperatures, up -4.3 nK. Low-frequency SQUID-NMR techniques were employed measure dynamic sysceptibility. Curie-Weiss behavior was observed for static both T>0 T0; FTHETA we deduce -4.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 Our results show directly that antiferromagnetic nuclear alignment positive temperatures transforms into ferromagnetic orientation T0...

We have studied magnetic ordering in the frustrated antiferromagnetic spin-(1/2) system composed of natural isotopic mixture silver nuclei. The dynamic susceptibility polycrystalline foils was measured down to about 0.5 nK (S > 0.4R ln 2) using SQUID-NMR techniques. Two resonance branches were observed, which is consistent with into a simple 1-k state. obtain Tc = (560 ± 60) pK for transition temperature at B 0 and Bc 100 μT critical field extrapolated T 0.

Taking advantage of the superiority valve controlled electro-hydraulic excitation system with wide vibration frequency and adjustable amplitude, a rotary is proposed. The structural composition principle alternating flow distribution due to are formulated. mathematical model derived simulation constructed based on Matlab/Simulink, accuracy verified by prototype experiments. In accordance this model, influence law main parameters hydraulic cylinder characteristics indicated. results reveal...

The methodology of the direct calibration for electromagnetic flowmeter in partially filled pipes is presented this paper. Based on principle flowmeter, two main respects, including flow liquid level and weight function are introduced briefly, technologies sensor, which consist device arrangements, accurate measurement discharge, emphasized on, with based piecewise interpolation employed. experimental results demonstrate that simple effective real pipes, stable accuracy requirement satisfied.

We investigate submicron sized quench condensed Au films, annealed to 40 K. By combining time traces and characteristic magnetoresistance patterns of the conductance fluctuation we can derive a picture dynamics atoms. At 1.3 K pool about 600 out 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{9}$ film atoms are mobile change position on scale 30 s. An additional 2400 participate much slower 20 h in hopping. The diffusion constant is order ${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}27}$ ${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$/s.

The conductance fluctuations of mesoscopic Au films are measured as a function time while the film is irradiated with photons. fluctuation amplitude caused by displacement atoms first increases power and then saturates. This saturation same if all scattering centers moved. magnetoconductance curves become progressively uncorrelated upon irradiation. experimental effect sample irradiation equivalent to theoretical impurity averaging. In regime trace equivalent.

Grounding electrode electromagnetic flowmeter can reduce the loss of measurement signal,and conductivity lower medium be measured if area grounding was increased. However, is increased, signal will reduced. The weight function theory flow meter shows that reason distribution functions changed by electrode, lead to induced electromotive force every point media in pipeline contribution measuring changed. which possesses one or two electrodes analyzed respectively, get law output decreases with...

In pipe of electromagnetic flowmeter must be installed internal insulation lining to prevent the signal is short circuit by metal pipe. However, in process using flow meter, easy fall off because fluid temperature and pressure changes, thus lead output changed. The effect analyzed theory meters weight function. Get relationship drop area position. paper provides a theoretical analysis method for abscission meter on signal.