Eighty continental crossbred beef heifers (414.9 ± 37.9 kg of BW), 16 which were ruminally cannulated, used in a 52-d experiment with generalized randomized block design, to assess if self-selection dietary ingredients modulates ruminal pH and improves rumen function feedlot finishing cattle. Treatments total mixed ration [TMR; 85% barley grain (BG), 10% corn silage (CS), 5% supplement]; or free-choice (self-selection; FC) diets (BGCS), wheat distillers (BGDG), (CSDG). Heifers housed groups...

Three experiments evaluated the effect of band and knife castration on acute pain for first 7 d after procedure 1-wk-, 2-mo-, 4-mo-old calves. All calves were blocked by age weight randomly assigned to 1 3 treatments: sham (control, CT), (BA), (KN). Experiment 1-wk-old Angus bull ( = 34; 43.0 ± 6.61 kg BW), Exp. 2 2-mo-old 91.5 11.93 35; 157.6 22.52 BW). For all experiments, physiological behavioral parameters collected before (d -1 immediately [T0]) (60 120 min 7) assess pain. Physiological...

One hundred sixty crossbred steers (538 ± 36 kg BW) were used in an 84-d experiment with a randomized block design to study the effects of wheat or barley grain processed 2 different indices on growth performance, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, stress, and temperament finishing beef cattle. Treatments wheat-based diet (88.4% DM; WH) barley-based (89% BA), index either 75% (HI) 85% (LO) their original volume weight. Cattle allocated 16 feedlot pens (10 animals per pen, 4...

Abstract Forty Hereford cross calves (mean and SD of 47.9 ± 10.43 d old) were used to assess the efficacy lidocaine administered immediately before surgical castration on physiological behavioral indicators pain discomfort. Calves assigned by age one two treatments: following subcutaneous injection 2.5 mL/100 kg body weight meloxicam (Metacam 20 mg/mL, Boehringer Ingelhein, Burlington, ON, Canada) per (MEX, n=19); or same treatment preceded 90 s a nerve block spermatic cord using 8 mL...

Abstract Objective To compare regional stiffness of the white line (objective 1) and image-based metrics damage 2) control claws subjected to an abrasion simulator mimicking animals abrading their against a concrete surface commonly found in feedlots. Methods Sixteen (n = 16) cadaveric bovine hind limbs were acquired from participating commercial feedlots separated into different testing groups: lateral simulation 8) manually rasped same level wear after 8). Claws indentation along determine...

The effects of a dietary challenge to induce digestive upsets and supplementation with yeast culture on rumen microbial fermentation were studied using 12 Holstein heifers (277 ± 28 kg BW) fitted ruminal cannula, in crossover design 2 periods 5 wk. In each period, after 3 wk adaptation 100% forage diet, the consisted increasing amount grain at rate 2.5 kg/d (as-fed basis) over period 4 d, until 10:90 forage:concentrate diet was reached, then it maintained for 10 d. Between periods, animals...

To assess the effect of meloxicam and lidocaine on indicators pain associated with castration, forty-eight Angus crossbred beef calves (304 ± 40.5 kg BW, 7–8 months age) were used in a 28 day experiment. The experiment consisted 2 × factorial design where main factors included provision analgesia local anaesthesia. Analgesia of: no-meloxicam (N; n = 24) single s.c. administration lactated ringer's solution (M; dose 0.5 mg/kg meloxicam. Local anesthesia no-lidocaine (R; ring block or...

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of a single or multiple intramuscular (i.m.) injection ketoprofen and castration technique on physiological behavioral indicators pain in beef calves. A total 150 bull calves (284.8 ± 22.7 kg BW) used both experiments, each 1 as 3 × 2 factorial design, where main factors included technique--no (CT), surgical (SU), band (BA)--and drug administration--physiological solution (PS) i.m. (KP; mg Anafen/kg neck Animals weighed weekly during...

Forty newly weaned beef calves (260 ± 32.6 kg) were transported 15 h in a livestock trailer (7.3 by 2.1 m) on 2 separate hauls 1 wk apart (20 calves/haul) to evaluate the effect of rest stop duration indicators calf welfare. Immediately following 15-h journey, calves/haul randomly unloaded at feedlot and assigned 3 treatments; without resting time (5 remained used as control group. Treatments included 0- (Control [CON]), 5- (RS5), 10- (RS10), or (RS15) periods pens containing ad libitum...

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of band and knife castration on behavioral physiological indicators chronic pain in beef calves at 3 different ages (36 calves/age group): 1 wk age (Exp. 1, 4 ± 1.1 d age, 43 kg BW), 2 mo 2, 63 2.3 92 1.7 3, 125 4.6 160 3.4 BW). In each experiment randomly assigned either sham (CT), (BA) or (KN) castration. Experiments ended when testicles banded had sloughed off (68, 49, 42 d, respectively). Animal BW rectal temperature recorded...

In Western Canada, approximately half of the calves produced are castrated before 1 wk age. Therefore, it is important to identify effective analgesic drugs mitigate pain associated with castration and consequently improve animal welfare. The aim this study was assess efficacy a single s.c. dose meloxicam at mitigating knife band in 1-wk-old calves. Seventy-two Angus crossbred bull (47.3 ± 6.70 kg body weight (BW), old) were used 3 × 2 factorial design where main factors included method-sham...

The newly revised Canadian Codes of Practice for the management beef cattle requires that as 2018, calves older than 6 mo age be castrated using pain control. Castration is a husbandry procedure commonly done without control, and there lack agreement on an effective mitigation strategy specific to castration. aim this study was identify optimal time administration meloxicam prior Thirty-four Angus crossbred bull (282 ± 28.0 kg BW) were randomly assigned 1 3 treatments receiving single s.c....

The aim of this study was to assess knife castration and + branding in 2-mo-old calves, the effect a single dose s.c. meloxicam at mitigating pain indicators. Seventy-one Angus crossbred bull calves (128 ± 18.5 kg BW) were used 3 × 2 factorial design where main factors included procedure: sham (control CT; n = 23), (KN; 24) or (BK; 24), medication: administration lactated ringer solution (NM; 35) 0.5 mg/kg (M; 36). Physiological samples collected T0, 60, 90, 120, 180 min on days 1, 2, 3, 7...

Seventy-nine continental crossbred beef heifers (524.4 ± 41.68 kg BW), 16 of which were ruminally cannulated, used in a 53-d experiment with generalized randomized block design to assess the effects barley grain (BG), corn silage (CS), and distillers' (DG) offered free-choice diet on feeding behavior ruminal fermentation. Treatments total mixed ration (TMR) consisting 85% BG, 10% CS, 5% supplement or (i.e., self-selection) diets BG CS (BGCS), dry DG (BGDG), (CSDG). Heifers housed groups 9 10...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect a single dose subcutaneous (s.c.) meloxicam administered at time knife and band castration on inflammatory response wound healing over 56-d post-castration. Seventy-two Angus crossbred calves (47.3 ± 6.70 kg body weight [BW] 7 8 d age) were randomly assigned according 3 × 2 factorial design assessing method: sham (CT), (BA), (KN) castration, pain mitigation: non-medicated (NM) medicated (M) injected s.c. with (0.5 mg/kg BW). Calf BW, rectal...

Pain control in food animals is an important welfare concern needing attention by the industry, veterinarians, and animal scientists alike. More science-based information required to develop best pain strategies possible. This will include continued search for drug or combination of drugs, administered at correct time route relative procedure being done age animal. also requires development appropriate behavioral physiological assessment tools including technologies measure them objectively....

Two groups of cattle were used to develop (model data set: 384 heifers, 228 ± 22.7 kg BW, monitored over a 225-d feeding period) and validate (naïve 322 34.7 142-d the use behavior pattern recognition techniques predict morbidity in newly arrived feedlot cattle. In model set, defined as morbid (MO) if they removed from their pen be treated due visual observation clinical signs bovine respiratory disease healthy (HL) remained within lacked lung lesions at slaughter. Individual parameters...

Six Essential oils (EO) (tea tree oil—TeTr, oregano oil—Ore, clove bud oil—Clo, thyme oil—Thy, rosemary oil—Ros, and sage oil—Sag) in Experiment 1; different combinations of selected 2, were evaluate at four doses an vitro microbial fermentation system using ruminal fluid from beef cattle fed a 10:90 straw: Concentrate diet. In 1, TeTr, Ore, Clo Thy improved rumen profile direction consistent with better feed utilization. TeTr mixed Thy, + Ore or 200 400 mg/L increased the molar proportion...

Ninety Angus × Hereford steers (259.9 ± 36.18 kg body weight [BW]) were used in a 56-d experiment to assess the effects of flavoring additives on feed intake, and stress immune response newly received feedlot cattle. Steers homogenously distributed by BW into six pens equipped with an individual intake monitoring system, pen was randomly assigned one three treatments (15 heads per pen; 30 treatment): standard receiving diet (CT), or same additive comprised either sweeteners (Luctarom...

Live yeast additives may help optimize ruminal fermentation of high-grain diets, especially when the starch ration is highly fermentable. Eight dual flow continuous culture fermenters were used in a 2 × factorial design two replicated periods 9 days (six for adaptation and three sampling) to determine effect live type cereal on rumen microbial nutrient digestibility. Main factors addition yeast: no (NY) vs. 107 CFU yeast/g diet (LY); diet: corn (CO) barley (BA). All fed 80 g dry matter/day...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect a single subcutaneous injection meloxicam on scrotal healing, inflammatory response, and behaviour in castrated or branded beef calves for 42 d post procedure. Seventy-two 2-mo-old Angus crossbred bull were used assess effects procedure (Trt): (1) sham control, (2) knife castration, (3) castration hot-iron branding; pain mitigation (Med): nonmedicated medicated with according 3 × 2 factorial design. Body weight, circumference (SC),...

One hundred and thirty-one 2 mo. old pasture housed Angus cross bull calves were evaluated for 62 d over two years (Year 1: n = 69, 134.1 ± 20.37 kg BW; Year 2: 62, 118.1 15.49 BW) to determine 1) the effects of a subcutaneous (s.c) injection meloxicam on indicators long term pain after castration 2) potential use cow-calf proximity home range as pain. Calves randomly assigned treatments using 3 × factorial design including - sham (CT; 47), band (BA; 46) or knife (KN; 38) medication – s.c....