The 15 essays in this volume apply the methods of new economic history to Latin American economies since 1800. authors combine historian's sensitivity context and contingency with modern or neoclassical theory quantitative method. shed light on all major economies, from Mexico Cuba Brazil Argentina. Some focus comparing macroeconomic policies performance, others analyze key sectors such as foreign trade, finance, transportation, industry, still impact property rights, government regulation,...

Meta-analytic research of experiments conducted on the effects native-language (L1) glosses second-language (L2) reading comprehension have revealed a significant difference between groups studies with traditional and computer-assisted L1 glosses. This means that learners provided comprehend significantly more text--through medium computer--than traditional, paper-based glossing aids. The average weighted effect size is large (g = 1.09) differs (p < .001) when compared to .39). article...

Meta-analysis is a frequent tool among education and behavioral researchers to combine results from multiple experiments arrive at clear understanding of some effect interest. One the traditional assumptions in meta-analysis independence sizes studies under consideration. This article presents meta-analytic review 13 with 18 study reports all involving native-language (L1) vocabulary aids on second-language (L2) reading comprehension. Some produced reports, creating dependence structure...

Second language (L2) reading comprehension is generally facilitated by both native and L2 glosses. However, CALL learning opportunities are still not as common they should be, and, therefore, the present meta-analysis contributes further evidence supporting inclusion of more experiences in contexts. The study, a quantitative 32 studies, observes that overall effect sizes larger (g = .92) for computer-assisted (CALL) glossing studies than non-CALL .43), test homogeneity reveals significant...

CALL glossing in first language (L1) or second (L2) texts has been shown by previous studies to be more effective than traditional, paper-and-pen L1 glossing. Using a pool of with much statistical power and accurate results, this meta-analysis demonstrates precisely the degree which glossing can traditional glossing. Results indicate, as previous research shown, that is significantly L2 reading comprehension That is, mean effect size is significantly higher (p < .001) for use glosses (g =...

This study challenges the assertion that an increase in L1 glossing results more L2 reading comprehension.  The of this study, a quantitative meta-analysis, indicate there is significant difference ( p = .04) comprehension between groups based on how much provided.  It was found group with highest average effect size–which had all computer-assisted language learning (CALL) studies–included studies 50% or glossing.  However, second largest mean size came from contained 5% less In looking...

In order to investigate the possible causal relationships between hyperactivity and educational underachievement that might account for their frequent co-occurrence, four groups of boys, defined by presence or absence specific reading retardation, were identified in an epidemiological study 7 8-year-old children. They examined detail means parental interviews psychological tests reassessed 9 years later at age 16-18 on a similar range measures. The findings provided little support idea...

Extensive research on the effects of interventions to improve L2 reading has been conducted yet results are often not conclusive. The present synthesis intends provide a more accurate measurement studies that have attempted comprehension. It includes 62 either explicit strategy training (ERST) or native language (L1) glosses. Besides updating past meta-analyses ERST and L1 glossing, it concludes comprehension can be effective (g = .64) whether through glossing ERST. Moderating variables were...

Although tests of young children's understanding mind have had a remarkable impact upon developmental and clinical psychological research over the past 20 years, very little is known about their reliability. Indeed, only existing study test-retest reliability suggests unacceptably poor results for first-order false-belief tasks (Mayes, Klin, Tercyak, Cicchetti, & Cohen, 1996), although this may in part reflect nonstandard (video-based) procedures adopted by these authors. The present four...

Because of the use human participants and differing contextual variables, research in second language acquisition often produces conflicting results, leaving practitioners confused unsure effectiveness specific treatments. This article provides insight into a recent seminal meta-analysis on computer-mediated communication, providing further statistical evidence importance its results. The significance study is examined by looking at p values included references, to demonstrate how results...