In the future due to continued integration of renewable energy sources, demand-side flexibility would be required for managing power grids. Building systems will serve as one possible source flexibility. The degree provided by building is highly restricted power-to-heat conversion such heat pumps and thermal storage possibilities a building. To quantify demand flexibility, it essential capture dynamic response system with storage. identify maximum building’s can provide, optimal control...

Recent studies have suggested that thermal and visual comfort are correlated, although the causality underlying this correlation is unclear. Personal control of correlated color temperature (CCT) provides individual comfort, but its effects on other parameters such as cognitive performance remain underexamined. Therefore, we investigated if personal CCT can, top enhance in office scenarios while exposed to mild cold (17 °C) using a 2x2 within-subject design. Sixteen participants were...

In this field study, we tested the effects of dynamic light scenarios and personal illuminance on visual experience, sleepiness, cognitive performance sleep in an operational office. Two scenarios, different timing but with equal luminous exposure, were against a reference scenario counterbalanced crossover design. Frequent assessments alertness, showed that both comfort was slightly lower compared to constant scenario. Additionally, sleepiness lowest brighter timed around noon, whereas task...

Anecdotal evidence suggests that the correlated color temperature (CCT) of light can affect thermal comfort. Previous literature mostly investigated this effect over a short duration (<1 h) and often attributed it to hue-heat hypothesis (color-temperature association), which posits visual experience blue colors (high CCT) results in cooler sensation than red/yellow (low do. However, with longer duration, non-visual effects CCT elicit physiological changes may be at play additionally....

This study presents a seven-step algorithm for hourly setpoint calculation of museums' indoor temperature (Ti) and relative humidity (RHi) integrating collection requirements (ASHRAE) thermal comfort requirements. Moreover, building energy simulation results provide insight into the impact five levels museum climate conditioning applied to four quality (ranging from historical purpose-built building) using weather data twenty locations throughout Europe. The were calculated presented...

The classical textbook interpretation of thermal comfort is that it occurs when the thermoregulatory effort minimized. However, stimulating human systems may benefit health and increase body resilience. To address this gap, we tested a novel personal system (PCS) targets only extremities head, leaving rest exposed to moderately drifting temperature (17–25°C). A randomized, cross-over study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, mimicking an office setting. Eighteen...

Abstract With a contribution of 40% to the annual global CO 2 -emissions, built environment needs drastically reduce its impact, while also providing pleasant and healthy indoor spaces protecting people from weather extremes. Over time, particularly in western industrialized countries, buildings have evolved shield occupants almost completely outdoor conditions. As consequence, humans become so used constant, comfortable that we struggle cope with thermal fluctuations. The time has come...

In the 20th century, museum indoor climates have been conditioned ever more strictly, sometimes beyond guidelines, allowing no fluctuations at all. Among other effects, this has led to excessive energy demands. At start of 21st interest increased condition climate reasonable. This study assessed impact three levels control: Reference (21 °C/50% RH, permissible fluctuations), ASHRAE's Class AA, A. Full-scale measurements were conducted in Hermitage Amsterdam for one year. The results show...

Humans spend approximately 80–90% of their time indoors. In current practice, indoor temperatures in many buildings are controlled very tightly. However, allowing more variation temperature results energy-efficient and could potentially improve human metabolic cardiovascular health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect a drifting ambient versus fixed on thermal physiological parameters subjective perception. A cross-over intervention design was conducted 16 healthy men (age 26...

Personal comfort systems (PCS) that warm or cool local body parts promise individual thermal comfort, energy saving and (metabolic) health in non-neutral environments. However, research on work performance while using a PCS is scarce. We previously tested warms the extremities cools head reported improved during ramp of 17-23˚C but did not at stable temperature 25˚C. In current study, its effects cognitive performance, subjective measures task-induced heart rate are investigated. Eighteen...

Libraries and archives house a majority of cultural heritage objects. The main purpose libraries is to provide suitable indoor climate conditions for preservation their collection. In general, large bulk hygroscopic material present which aids stable conditions. Limited disturbances due visitor presence occur in repositories excludes extent thermal comfort requirements. Library show potential more tolerant setpoint control with permissible fluctuations. Little research into dynamic...

Building energy and occupant health concerns have increased the desire for variable, dynamic indoors hence interest in comfort of non-uniform and/or transient thermal conditions. An extended field study Hermitage Amsterdam museum afforded a unique opportunity to analyse evolving subjective perception occupants, upon their moving indoors, over time they spent museum. Visitors' responses were grouped depending on how long had been inside when filled up survey. The mean sensation vote each...

Abstract For the first time degradation of lead white pigment in mature oil paint has been used as an internal marker for degree saponification and hence chemical paint. Computational image analysis backscattered electron images quantified intact versus nonpigmented lead-rich areas (degraded white) layers. This new methodology was applied to a series samples taken from four painted wall hangings (dated 1778), which makes it possible study influence indoor climate on aged paintings. The...

Fault impact analysis is an important step in developing Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) tools for Heating, Ventilation Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems. It provides insight into how HVAC systems react the presence of operational faults helps to prioritise which focus on. The research existing literature has mostly focused on modelling several occurring various components evaluate effect fault energy performance predicted thermal comfort occupants. However, real frequency occurrence, factor...

Indoor temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) are important for collection preservation thermal comfort in museums. In the 20th century, notion evolved that T RH need to be stringently controlled, often resulting excessive energy consumption. However, recent studies have shown controlled fluctuations permissible, enabling improved efficiency. Consequently, requirements increasingly determine limits, but knowledge is limited. Therefore, a survey study indoor measurements were conducted at...

An aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) in combination with a heat pump is an excellent way to reduce the net usage of buildings. The use ATES has been demonstrated have potential provide reduction between 20 and 40% cooling heating systems are however complex system analyse as number ground conditions influence losses within aquifer. also not confined from sides therefore vulnerable through conduction, advection dispersion. analyses even further complicated when dynamic building...

For buildings including temperature and humidity control, this study compares the energy prediction accuracy of a ZABES-model (Zone Air Building Energy Simulation) to an IBES-model (Integral Simulation), which additionally includes models air handling unit (AHU) controllers. Museum Hermitage Amsterdam served as case study. one year, measurements were performed in main exhibition hall its AHU. The was developed using heat moisture model for building systems evaluation (implemented MATLAB)....