La competencia de géneros siempre ha existido en resultados obtenidos entre estudiantes. El objetivo fue comparar los académicos estudiantes masculinos y femeninos la modalidad virtual. enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, transeccional descriptivo que permitió examinar las calificaciones factores asociados al rendimiento académico función del género. investigación campo incluyó alumnos maestros FCA UACH. Los muestran una media similar hombres (7.69) mujeres (7.65), sin diferencias...

This research aims to contribute the task of explaining factors involved in design and use 5th generation mobile telephony technology by examining constraints conditions that determine vertical innovation, i.e. launch deployment worldwide, with a particular focus on Europe. The ultimate objective is build up an overview this order make numerous reports studies specialised international organisations available academic world - teachers but also students political decision-makers concerned....

Abstract This article addresses a major topic in business history: the strategies used by multinational telecommunications companies to establish themselves on world stage. It seeks explore two interconnected issues: how new entrant–ITT–used immature market of Spain its strategy for expansion, and Spanish national institutions government regulation influenced this process. With backing US banks government, ITT created firm–the Compañía Telefónica Nacional de España–in 1924 keep European...

This research seeks to explore the driving forces behind diverse pathways of telecommunications and, in particular, rationale for international alliances context globalisation and extension value chain induced by technological change. It attempts answer two interrelated questions: from China's side, why Telefónica this operator's China? China was looking a reliable technology partner its weak market segments bridge Latin America. ambitioned expand mobile customer base country with high...

This article analyzes significant features of the first stage in development Spanish telephone system between 1877 and 1924. After a few introductory lines about world expansion telephone, description its diffusion Spain follows. The main conclusion outline all relative backwardness an international context during these years, internal regional differences. Secondly, shows complex reasons that explain peculiarities case, particularly fluctuating State policy, obstacles firms had to face...

This article analyses the spread of public utilities and urban development through a wide-ranging comparison European cities. It considers variables that are not simply demand-based to explain diffusion telephone. The explores relationship between variables, city size, position in hierarchy, growth function relation concludes scale city, together with terms concession management strategies, were crucial for telephone throughout Europe's

This article analyzes the intricacies of creation and early evolution a Spanish high-tech company in defense sector -Indraand involvement diverse actors context an increasing globalization.The study tests if State worked as shield behind which Indra withdrew shareholder buyer or market criteria were met.The text is structured four main sections, respond to primordial stages Indra.The first refers birth, second restructuring, reorganization consolidation period 1993-1998 third subsequent...

This article discusses the trans-nationalisation of Spanish economy during 1980s from a sectoral, short-term, and business history perspective. It examines impulse new companies in field advanced technologies through strategic alliances between multinationals National Telephone Company, semi-public monopoly, with determined support State. All this fits into triple change depth within framework Third Industrial Revolution. Finally, relies predominantly on primary sources oral testimony...

This article explains the often neglected history of Spanish telephone sector. Its main purpose is to examine factors that determined technological choices were made in this sector, and describe analyze growth networks Spain rest Europe between 1876 1924, a period marked by internationalization technology. It concludes complex range factors, varying their specific importance over period, pattern diffusion In dominated Bell's patents, sector was characterized high degree homogeneity. However,...

This article explores from a multidisciplinary and transnational historical approach the impact of technological change on structure telephone sector, fruit advances in microelectronics information technology. problem has been studied Spain basically by regulatory specialists, one hand, technologists, other. We lack more transversal analysis that puts into play various elements intervene. is intended to cover this gap, based unpublished primary sources –primarily Telefónica– as well other...

Este articulo nos acerca a la industria de las telecomunicaciones en Espana -sector todavia por descubrir-, un momento crucial su desarrollo, llevandonos hasta controversia sobre el impacto multinacionales los paises anfitriones. En este sentido, indaga si especiales condiciones del mercado espanol -monopolio semipublico regulado operadora Compania Telefonica Nacional (CTNE) y privilegio suministro industrial Standard Electrica S.A. (SESA), filial multinacional International Telephone and...

The telephone was transferred very soon to Spain but its spread in the country slow and limited as a result of restrictive, contradictory irresolute policy, lagging behind advanced economies. This paper addresses major topic history Spanish telecommunications: creation by ITT 1924 Compañía Telefónica Nacional de España, firm operating whole domestic market according terms license granted government ITT, nationalization under Franco first internationalization. concession created monopoly...

Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación comprenden los adelantos tecnológicos consistentes en combinación procesos, instrumentos redes. Con una amplia mayoría, las grandes instituciones internacionales especialistas consideran espina dorsal economía, sociedad vida cotidiana personas el mundo actual. Sin embargo, difusión concreta utilización esas tecnologías han provocado aparición brechas notables, sean tipo socioeconómico, geográfico o género. El debate internacional se centra hoy...

This article explores an area that has received relatively little attention from economic historians in Spanish-speaking countries despite the formidable appeal of its economic, technological, regulatory, and geopolitical implications. An interdisciplinary approach is employed which employs a balanced combination primary secondary sources. It framed within gradualist Uppsala School, though without adopting all postulates, analyzes Telefonica’s “internationalization before...

The dimension of the alliances has compelled experts to revise their preconceptions about internationalization companies and include this strategy in models as Uppsala model was forced acknowledge.This article focuses on one forged Europe, very deviated from practices majority because it a company with exclusively European partners.It adopts perspective peripheral country (Spain) global economy special status at least partners monopoly.Finally, follows case study methodology, which aims...

Este articulo ahonda en los contenidos y mecanismos del sistema regulatorio espanol desde una optica comparada de largo plazo. Situa perspectiva historica cuestiones candente actualidad el campo las industrias red, generadoras externalidades, se adscribe a la escuela que explica sistemas regulatorios por suma factores organizativos, politicos economicos. De forma especifica, analiza como actuan fuerzas regulacion mercado sobre servicio telefonico escenarios tecnologicos cambiantes con...

Este articulo aborda la expansion de las telecomunicaciones, uno los componentes centrales Segunda Revolucion Tecnologica. Tiene como objetivo incorporar el caso espanol a creciente oleada internacional investigacion historica sobre telefono, ofreciendo una vision conjunto del periodo que abarca desde creacion CTNE en 1924 hasta su nacionalizacion 1945. Ello equivale estudiar telefono durante esos anos, dada casi completa identificacion entre sector y CTNE. Desde doble aproximacion tecnica...