A5058068180- Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques
- Power Quality and Harmonics
- Photonic and Optical Devices
- Silicon and Solar Cell Technologies
- Semiconductor materials and interfaces
- Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications
- Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
- Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
- Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Silicon Nanostructures and Photoluminescence
- Mechanical and Optical Resonators
- Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors
- Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies
- Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation
- Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
- Thin-Film Transistor Technologies
- Advanced Sensor Technologies Research
- Semiconductor materials and devices
- Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
- Blind Source Separation Techniques
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Calibration and Measurement Techniques
Norwegian Metrology Service
2014-2022
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
2017
University of Oslo
2010-2012
We developed an optical pulse-drive for the operation of Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) using a fast photodiode (PD) operated at 4 K, close to JAWS chip. The pulses are transmitted PD by easily removable fiber attached it. A bare-lensed is mounted flip-chip technique custom-made silicon-carrier This carrier chip equipped with coplanar waveguides transmit electrical from on separate printed circtuit board (PCB). main components this setup laser source, high-speed Mach-Zehnder...
An optoelectronic module for operation at 4 K is developed, intended use in pulse-driven Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer. Multiple InP/InGaAs photodiodes with customized optical fiber assembly were assembled on a single silicon carrier. Photodiodes flip-chip bonded the carrier using Au stud bumps, and laser-cut fixtures aligned adhesively to order attach pigtailed borosilicate ferrules. Optical simulations performed estimate tolerance fiber-chip misalignment. The an average...
In 2015, the energy measurement of some static electricity meters was found to be sensitive specific conducted electromagnetic disturbances with very fast current changes caused by highly nonlinear loads, leading meter errors up several hundred percent. This article describes new results on compatibility (EMC) 16 different from all over Europe when exposed real-world disturbance signals. Those test signals were obtained household appliances and onsite measurements at metered supply points...
A commercially available InGaAs p-i-n photodiode chip has been custom packaged and high-speed operated in liquid helium. The was driven by light pulses using a dc-biased 1310-nm laser, Mach-Zehnder modulator, return-to-zero pulse pattern generator up to 15 GHz clock frequencies, which produced widths down 77 ps maximum peak current heights above 10 mA. With the prospect of this assembly operate pulse-driven Josephson junction arrays for ac voltage realization, pulsation modes with constant...
The reliability of a photodiode module intended for operation at 4 K was investigated. Flip-chip bonded photodiodes and an adhesively optical fiber attachment structure were considered. Finite element simulations the thermomechanical stress used to evaluate stresses in different design configurations. Results showed that issues with chip cracking silicon eliminated by proper selection component materials. Photodiode modules survived thermal cycling 77 extended K.
Electronic properties and thermal stability of interfacial states between indium tin oxide (ITO) monocrystalline silicon (Si) have been investigated. ITO films with thicknesses about 300 nm were deposited by dc magnetron sputtering on n- p-type (100) Si at room temperature. The samples then annealed for 30 min different temperatures in the range 100–600 °C, ITO-Si junction was found to exhibit rectifying behavior. Current-voltage (IV), capacitance-voltage (CV), deep-level transient...
An optically controlled high-speed current source located at 4 K is likely to improve the performance of pulse-driven Josephson junction arrays. A custom photodiode module with an Albis PDCS24L InGaAs/InP PIN investigated in order determine suitability K. The DC and frequency response were tested room temperature temperatures down For continuous wave optical input, photocurrents above 15 mA produced both I – V measurements show that threshold voltage increased from 0.5 0.8 transmission...
This paper describes the development and testing of a prototype cryogenically operable bipolar photodiode module. Optical pulsation systems based on both Mach-Zehnder modulator mode-locked laser have been used to measure response various samples, while immersed in liquid helium. Pulse widths down 37 ps measured. By modifying Mach-Zehnder-based system, electrical pulse train has also demonstrated from
In this article, developments and techniques related to optical-fiber-coupled devices operating at cryogenic temperatures are reviewed. These include superconducting electronics photodetectors. Superconducting circuits have a number of suitable characteristics in terms speed efficiency, lower power consumption, traceability fundamental quantum properties. Thus, applications found technologies, such as communication metrology. Often, the coupled by an optical fiber link external source. A...
Interaction between hydrogen (H) and irradiation induced defects in p-type silicon (Si) have been studied H implanted pn-junctions, using deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), as well minority carrier (MCTS). Two related levels at E v +0.27 eV c -0.32 observed (E denote the valence conduction band edge, respectively). Both form after a 10 min anneal 125C, concurrent with release of from boron-hydrogen (B-H) complex. The correlated formation rates absolute concentrations two support...
A reaction model explaining (i) the hydrogen-mediated transformation of vacancy-oxygen ($V$O) center into a vacancy--oxygen-hydrogen ($V$OH${}^{*}$), with an energy level at $0.37\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ below conduction-band edge (${E}_{\mathrm{c}}$), and (ii) passivation divacancy is presented. $V$OH${}^{*}$ dissociates rate $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$...
Abstract A method for traceability to SI ac voltage and current based on high performance digitizers is presented. In contrast the existing thermal-based methods, proposed utilizes direct quantum-based waveforms via use of Josephson systems. This allows not only a simplification chain reduced measurement times but also offers potential analysis waveform spectral content, feature which possible using thermal methods. Scaling achieved by shunts resistive dividers respectively. Target operating...
Pulse-driven Josephson voltage standards are used to generate quantum-based, spectrally pure AC signals. The current pulses that drive the arrays can be transmitted optically and recent progress has demonstrated operation of fast photodiodes at 4 K. In order bipolar waveforms, two required positive negative close array. We describe our optoelectronic setup will present first results on a ternary pulse conference.
The optoelectronic coupling for a pulse-driven Josephson junction array (JJA) use as quantum voltage synthesizer has been designed. This system uses components to drive group of JJAs in parallel. Since the is electrically isolated from JJAs, they can be connected series, leading higher output voltage. A thin film circuit, including interdigitated capacitors couple photodiode designed and tested shown meet design goals.
Abstract The interaction between hydrogen and irradiation‐induced defects in boron‐doped silicon has been investigated search of a passivation procedure for intrinsic defects, applicable the solar cell industry. Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) minority carrier (MCTS) have applied defect characterization proton implanted p‐type Fz Cz‐Si, with boron concentration 2x10 16 cm –3 4x10 14 , respectively. MCTS reveals dominant electron trap located 0.22 eV below conduction band edge (E c )...
Josephson voltage standards are well established for use at dc and low-frequency ac voltages. The increasing demand i) to provide traceability arbitrary waveforms, ii) extend the range of higher frequencies, iii) improve accuracy is being addressed in project Q-WAVE, which jointly funded by European Union participating countries within Metrology Research Programme (EMRP). Here, sampling measurements procedures using binary-divided 1 V 10 arrays investigated. In addition, a quantum-based...
A voltage divider and buffer system has been proposed in order to improve the AC Voltage traceability at Justervesenet (JV) for frequencies up 1 MHz. The is constructed with intention drive any heavy load impedance. Simulations suggest that AC-DC difference span less than 30 ppm MHz both buffer.
Quantum-accurate arbitrary voltage waveforms have been generated using electrical pulse driven Josephson junction arrays (JJAs) by several groups [1, 2]. An alternative method is to use optoelectronic components convert the drive into an optical signal which subsequently converted a photodiode connected directly JJA. This system has advantages. Due isolation between and JJA, it possible connect in series without requirement for complex compensation circuits. allows larger output voltages be...
The Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) is currently being developed for generating precise voltage waveforms, use in measurement standards. These system based on superconducting junction arrays, and are operated by controlling the JAWS with high-speed (>10 GHz) current pulse trains a cryogenic environment at 4K. Using an optical input rather than electrical input, has several advantages, including shielding from electromagnetic noise easier parallel operation of arrays...
A high-precision voltage buffer and a 10:1 resistive divider have been constructed for use in ac electrical power metrology. Long-term stability of the buffer's dc response has demonstrated by two sweeps performed 20 days apart, with best-fit linearized gain varying less than 1 μV/V. The absolute measured using digital multimeter 10 Hz kHz results consistent within 5 This value agrees characterization ac–dc difference thermal converters from different producers variety resistance various...
The AC-DC difference of a set current shunts produced by the Norwegian Metrology Service (Justervesenet), were measured PTB and Justervesenet, in bilateral comparison, where Justervesenet acted as organizer pilot laboratory. nominal values are 30 mA, 100 300 1 A, 3 5 10 A 20 which at their for frequencies Hz, 55 110 400 kHz, 50 kHz kHz. All combination with Planar Multi-junction Thermal Converters PTB. results show that there is degree equivalence within 0.4 all values, below value typically...
Prospects of exploiting photodiodes as a high frequency current source for low temperature applications is presented. The will be implemented in the AC Josephson Standard Q-Wave project within European Metrology Research Programme. Method optically biasing diodes described and some initial results photocurrent measurements at 4K indicates that ~28 GHz could exploited Arbitrary Waveform Standard.
A voltage divider and buffer system has been proposed in order to improve the AC Voltage traceability at Justervesenet (JV) for frequencies up 1 MHz. Buffer prototypes have constructed use room temperature liquid nitrogen. They proven ability operate MHz with a 50 Ω load 300 K beyond 10 loads above kΩ. Simulations suggest that AC-DC difference span less than 30 ppm 200 buffer. Although there are some discrepancies between simulation prototype measurements, model still possess great explanatory power.