Abstract. The present availability of 18+ years GNSS data belonging to the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN, http://www.epncb.oma.be/) is a valuable database for development climate record tropospheric products over Europe. This can be used as reference variety scientific applications (e.g. validation regional numerical weather prediction reanalyses and model simulations) has high potential monitoring trends variability in atmospheric water vapour. In framework EPN-Repro2, second reprocessing...

To date, the ways of testing tactile signs lack systematization. Hence, aim our research was to methodically evaluate legibility proposed set signs. Our solution is based on sign theory, in which have relations with reality, other signs, and users. We employed a two-step procedure by first assessing isolation verify ease decoding differentiation within same geometry type, then evaluating their correct interpretation context – map different geometries. validated approach using designed for...

Precise positioning using the signals of Global Position System requires correcting distance between points reception signal carrier phase and antenna reference point. Sophisticated models to account for these errors are available widely in use. These usually based on calibrations several antennas same type derive a mean model. There is also possibility applying individual correction that derived one single antenna, since may still vary by few millimeters. We prepared two sets station...

Advanced processing of collected global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) observations allows for the estimation zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD), which in turn can be converted to integrated water vapour (IWV). The proper GNSS IWV affected by adopted strategy. To verify its elements cause deterioration and improve estimated IWV, we conducted eight reprocessings 20 years GPS (01.1996–12.2015). In each them, applied a different mapping function, hydrostatic (ZHD) priori value, cut-off angle,...

Abstract. The main purpose of this research was to acquire information about consistency ZTD (zenith total delay) linear trends and seasonal components between two consecutive GPS reprocessing campaigns. analysis concerned sets the time series which were estimated during EUREF (Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe) EPN (Permanent Network) campaigns according 2008 2015 MUT AC (Military University Technology Analysis Centre) scenarios. Firstly, Lomb–Scargle periodograms generated 57...

The aim of the paper is to present structure and research potential newly created measurement information system for observing dynamic phenomena occurring in Earth's crust Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) Poland as a result mining activities. similar one developed monitoring movements European tectonic plate under Plate Observation System (EPOS) programme. part consists stationary devices sensors working mode, installed various locations USCB, both on surface underground, well data sets from...

This paper presents analyses on the GPS coordinates from sub-diurnal solutions of EPN data provided by Warsaw Military University Technology.The aim this research is to investigate way tidal models used in Bernese software (solid Earth and ocean tides as well) fit individual conditions stations.The 1-hour solution technique processing was utilized obtain above 70 stations.Additionally several Polish permanent sites with clearly seen oscillations were examined.This allowed us recognize...

Abstract Historical gardens are a significant part of the cultural heritage. Exploration such is an important element education. A particular challenge to increase accessibility these facilities for people with visual impairments (PVI). Among aids enabling PVI visiting tactile maps. The currently used maps focus mainly on orientation and mobility. They do not allow exploration as spatial composition, taking into account their values. Therefore, aim our study was develop rules content...

The solar power industry is a rapidly growing sector of renewable energy, and it crucial that the available energy accurately forecast. Using numerical weather prediction models, we can forecast global horizontal irradiance on which amount produced by photovoltaic systems depends. This study presents effects for one most challenging conditions in modelling, occurring central eastern Europe. dates synoptic situations were selected from 2021 2022. Simulations carried out 18 days with cold...

In this study, we compared two sets of antenna phase center corrections for groups the same type mounted at continuously operating global navigation satellite system (GNSS) reference stations. The first set involved mean models provided by International GNSS Service (release igs08), while second individual developed Geo++. Our goal was to check which gave better results in case height estimation. paper presents differences between and their impact on resulting height. Analyses showed that,...

<p>At present, significant development of the positioning methods using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can be seen. One most developed is absolute Precise Point Positioning (PPP) method. This particularly seen multi-GNSS measurements. The increases number satellites observed and accuracy products, but also creates new requirements for observation modeling. Obtaining correct values, ​​of estimated parameters, requires appropriate...

The aim of this paper is to present the results Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model solar radiation for moderate climatic zones. This analysis covered area northeastern Germany. Due very unfavorable energy conditions in region at least 1/3 year, we decided select dates with most representative conditions: passing warm fronts, cold occluded fronts (two cases each). As reference, two cloudless during high-pressure situations were chosen. Two different shortwave schemes—Rapid Radiative...

This research concerns the possibility of monitoring low deformation rates in tectonically stable regions using GPS/GNSS observations. The study was conducted an area Poland located Central and Eastern Europe, where horizontal stress resulting from plate boundary forces N–S or NNE–SSW direction has been observed. can translate into Earth’s surface. problem, however, is that it corresponds to strain rate magnitudes much lower than 10 × 10−9 per year. not higher figure determined current GNSS...

Knowledge of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) antenna phase center variations plays a key role in precise positioning. Proper modeling is achieved by accessing corrections, which are determined the calibration process. For most receiver types, International GNSS Service provides such corrections for two GPS and GLONASS carrier signals. In case Galileo, access to difficult; only antennas calibrated anechoic chambers have available Galileo frequencies. Hence, many studies,...

Among numerous publications about the SARS-CoV-2, many articles present research from geographic point of view. The cartographic method used in this area science can be successfully applied to analyze spatiotemporal characteristics pandemic using limited data and useful for a quick preliminary assessment spread infections. In paper, on spatial differentiation structure homogeneity system which SARS-CoV-2 occurs, as well concentration people infected was undertaken. phenomena were...

Abstract. The main purpose of this research was to acquire information about consistency the ZTD (Zenith Tropospheric Delay) linear trends and seasonal components between two consecutive GPS reprocessing campaigns. analysis concerned sets time series which were estimated during EPN (EUREF Permanent Network) campaigns according 2008 2015 MUT LAC (Military University Technology Local Analysis Centre) scenarios. Firstly, LombScargle periodograms generated for 57 stations obtain characters...

This research presents the analysis of using different weighting functions for GPS and Galileo observations in Precise Point Positioning (PPP) performance globally located stations one week 2021. Eight dependent on elevation angle have been selected. It was shown that use has no impact horizontal component but a visible vertical component, tropospheric delay convergence time. Depending solutions, i.e., GPS-only, Galileo-only or GPS+Galileo, various turned out to best. The obtained results...

Abstract. The present availability of 18+ years GNSS data belonging to the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN, http://www.epncb.oma.be/) is a valuable database for development climate record tropospheric products over Europe. This can be used as reference variety scientific applications and has high potential monitoring trend variability in atmospheric water vapour, improving knowledge climatic trends vapour being useful regional Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) reanalyses well model...