The whale optimization algorithm has several advantages, such as simple operation, few control parameters, and a strong ability to jump out of the local optimum, been used solve various practical problems. In order improve its convergence speed solution quality, reinforced (RWOA) was designed. Firstly, an opposition-based learning strategy is generate other optima based on best optimal found during algorithm’s iteration, which can increase diversity accelerate speed. Secondly, dynamic...

With the development of Chinese BeiDou satellite navigation system, applications BeiDou-reflected (BeiDou-R) signals will play a key role in Global Navigation Satellite System-reflected (GNSS-R) signals. In this paper, we describe theory code-level ocean surface altimetry using BeiDou-R Two coastal experiments (lake and China) were performed direct right-handed circularly polarized (D-RHCP) antenna, reflected left-handed (R-LHCP) (R-RHCP) antenna. This is first research on performance...

For preventing the effects of sea ice disaster, traditional methods for detecting have some disadvantages, such as inadequate robustness against weather and high cost real-time detection. This paper evaluates usage Global Positioning System (GPS)-reflected signals accurate Earth observations to study changes in surface state through remote sensing (RS). GPS L1 received after reflection from Bohai Bay were analyzed their sea-ice content. The results are good agreement with a reflected power...

Qinghai Lake, the largest inland saltwater lake in China, is an important water body that maintains ecological security of northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Global navigation satellite system reflectometry technology (GNSS-R) rarely used detection, especially boundary detection under circumstances space-borne. This paper attempts to implement using CYGNSS raw intermediate frequency (IF) data for first time. Firstly, second-order frequency-locked loop assist third-order phase-locked closed-loop...

Sea surface height (SSH) retrieval based on spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) usually uses the GNSS-R geometric principle and delay-Doppler map (DDM). The traditional method condenses DDM information into a single scalar measure requires error model correction. In this article, idea of using machine learning methods to retrieve SSH is proposed. Specifically, two widely-used methods, principal component analysis combined with support vector regression...

In response to the deficiency of detection capability traditional remote sensing means (scatterometer, microwave radiometer, etc.) for high wind speed above 25 m/s, this paper proposes a GNSS-R technique combined with machine learning method invert at sea surface. The L1-level satellite-based data from Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), together European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and National Centers Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data, constitute...

GNSS-R technology for the retrieval of sea surface wind speed (SW) has gradually matured, and many research results in terms methodology accuracy have been obtained. Multisource data fusion a major trend remote sensing recent years. However, there are few algorithms SW retrieval, most them retrieve single source. Based on principle CYGNSS forward scattering HY-2B microwave scatterometer (HSCAT-B) backscattering, this paper proposes Fusion Model (FM) based HSCAT-B. For inversion using FM, is...

FengYun-3C (FY-3C) is the second-generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite in China. As one of most important microwave payloads deployed onboard FY-3C, radiation imager (MWRI) has been continuously observing radiance originating from land and sea surface supports numerical weather predictions at regional global scales. With a long-term monitoring cold-end reference, MWRI FY-3C was found suffering discontinuous observations due to its temporary power-OFF/power-ON years 2015 2018,...

Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) launched in recent years, provides a large amount of spaceborne GNSS Reflectometry data with all-weather, global coverage, high space-time resolution, and multiple signal sources, which new opportunities for the machine learning (ML) study sea surface height (SSH) inversion. This article proposes first time two different CYGNSS SSH inversion models based on widely used ML methods, back propagation (BP) neural network convolutional (CNN)....

Global navigation satellite system reflectometry technology (GNSS-R) is rarely used for river flow velocity inversion, and in particular, there currently no research using the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS-R) inversion. In this paper, a carrier phase observation of inversion model proposed. The interference integral Doppler frequency. raw intermediate frequency (IF) data sets are processed through an open-loop method to obtain generated by then realize shore-based current...

Using Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) L1 data with large amount and wide coverage, this paper establishes a sea surface wind direction retrieval model based on three machine learning algorithms. Wind will cause the asymmetry of Delay Doppler Map (DDM). Based this, extracts two angle characteristic parameters from DDM. Compared CYGNSS full DDM, compact DDM has reduced dimension. Therefore, expands more parameters, including geophysical such as speed, mean pressure (MSL),...

This study presents a correction algorithm to remove the backlobe intrusion from hot-load reflector of microwave radiation imager (MWRI) on-board China FengYun-3C (FY-3C) meteorological satellite. Discontinuities in radiometric gain MWRI, due inaccurate spillover reflector, have been diagnosed. A physical method, relating difference between two distinct scenes is thus established estimate in-orbit factor MWRI reflector. Meanwhile, it found that brightness temperature (TB) at each 1° × grid...

Sea ice is one of the most critical marine disasters, especially in polar and high latitude regions. Hyperspectral image suitable for monitoring sea ice, which contains continuous spectrum information has better ability target recognition. The principal bottleneck classification hyperspectral a large number labeled training samples required. However, collection time consuming costly. In order to solve this problem, we apply active learning (AL) algorithm detection can select informative...

The paper explored a method to obtain accurate lake surface heights using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Coarse/Acquisition Code (C/A)reflected from the ocean surface. is referred as System-Reflection (GNSS-R) (C/A) code altimetry. It focuses on extraction of delay between direct and reflected signal inverting altimetry with geometric relationship. results are consistent height differential positioning analysis data collected by handheld GIS. show that we can achieve meter level...

The feasibility of Antarctic sea ice detection based on shipborne global positioning system reflectometry (GPS-R) technology is shown in this paper. Because the permittivity water much higher than that ice, reflected left-handed circular polarized (LHCP) GPS signal (RL) reflection coefficient markedly ice. polarization ratio RL to direct right-handed (RHCP) (DR) used distinguish between and experiment was performed ship “XueLong” for approximately 9 days from December 2014 January 2015...

In view of the difficulty wind direction retrieval in case large space and time span global sea surface, a method surface using support vector machine (SVM) is proposed. This paper uses space-borne navigation satellite systems reflected signal (GNSS-R) as remote sensing source. Using Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) data, this selects variety feature parameters according to correlation between features reflection direction, including Delay Doppler Map (DDM), corresponding...

The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) provides high-quality Reflectometry (GNSS-R) data, which can be reliably used for the inversion of Significant Wave Height (SWH). Due to high dynamics CYGNSS, received signal is easily affected by environmental factors, and complexity sea conditions makes it difficult simple models accurately invert SWH. In order solve above problems, this paper proposes a multivariate SWH model based on machine learning. According formation mechanism...

Efficient and accurate fishery forecasting is of great significance in ensuring the efficiency operations. This paper proposes a method using brightness temperature (TB) time series spatial feature extraction fusion model. Using Indian Ocean bigeye tuna data from 2009 to 2021 as reference, this discusses feasibility FY-3 Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) Level 1 TB data. For paper, we designed deep learning network model for radiometer (TimeTB-FishNet) based on Convolutional Neural Network...

This study evaluates the in-orbit calibration uncertainty (CU) for microwave radiation imager (MWRI) on board Chinese polar-orbiting meteorological satellite Fengyun-3C (FY-3C). Uncertainty analysis of MWRI provides a direct link to system sensor and quantifies confidence based prelaunch postlaunch measurements. The unique design makes in highly correlate brightness temperature (TB) measured at hot view, while cold view has negligible impacts confidence. Lack knowledge emission hot-load...

To analyze the characteristic distribution of MWRI rainfall algorithm, six record observations typhoon Mufia are selected as case study for this study. Six track records and AMSR-E GPROF2010 products matched to make analysis comparisons. Averaged radial from consistent in records. The results indicate that retrievals coincident with rain rates temporal spatial evaluation. radiometer can observe entire process formation, maturity extinction typhoons.