Implementation of plant extracts that are rich in phytochemicals and have the allelopathic potential for weed management could help reduce use chemical herbicides. The present study investigated herbicidal walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf extract (WLE) against two weeds, Amaranthus retroflexus L. Chenopodium album L., by testing vitro their seed germination seedling growth, then evaluated vivo oxidative stress potted plants. effects were also tested on maize (Zea mays to eliminate possible...

Modern agriculture involves dealing with challenges from climate change, environmental pollution, depletion of natural resources, as well pressure to cope dependence on agricultural inputs aim sustainable management crop production and the environment. Weeds are one most challenging problems facing production, while modern relies heavily synthetic herbicides for weed control. The excessive use has contributed significantly soil degradation, pollution adverse effects non-target organisms...

Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour) is a major pest in mushroom facilities Serbia and worldwide. The study aimed to determine the virulence (in vitro) effectiveness vivo) of three Serbian native populations entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev), P9, K2, ZŠT, compared commercial population S. against L. ingenua, their impact on yield. In vitro bioassays showed that seven days after exposure series nematode suspensions (IJ cm−2), two (P9 K2) caused significant mortality L4...

The substrate for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation includes a highly complex microbiome. aim of the study was to evaluate ecological interactions (synergistic, antagonistic, or additive) between commercial population entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (EPN) and beneficial microorganisms, bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-241 (BA) actinobacterium Streptomyces flavovirens A06 (SF). Their relationships were evaluated in efficacy against pathogenic fungus...

The evaluation of the inhibition effect exerted by essential oils basil (Ocimum basilicum), sage (Salvia officinalis), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) on seeds germination early seedling growth velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.) weed was examined in a laboratory bioassay. were obtained hydrodistillation characterized chemically gas chromatography coupled with both mass spectrometry flame ionization detector. working solutions...

A headspace solid phase microextraction method (HS-SPME) for simultaneous determination of five pesticides belonging to triazine and organophosphorus pesticide groups in soil samples was developed. Microextraction conditions, such as temperature, extraction time sodium chloride (NaCl) content were investigated optimized using 100 microm polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) fiber. Detection quantification done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Relative standard deviation (RSD) recovery...

Thirty-five actinobacterial isolates, obtained from button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) substrates (i.e., compost in different phases of composting, black peat or casing layer) Serbia 2014-2016 were tested vitro against the causal agents green mold cultivated mushroom. Out six most promising A06 induced 42.4% growth inhibition Trichoderma harzianum T54, and 27.6% T. aggressivum f. europaeum T77. The novel strain was identified as Streptomyces flavovirens based on macroscopic cultural...

Abstract This study aimed to identify the main components of an essential oil produced from leaves Ambrosia trifida and evaluate its potential allelopathic effect on seed germination seedling growth lettuce, watermelon, cucumber tomato. The was obtained by hydrodistillation characterized chemically gas chromatography (GC) coupled with both mass spectrometry (MS) flame ionization detector (FID). Total 69 compounds were identified, limonene (20.7 %), bornyl acetate (15.0 borneol (14.7 %)...

Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) and chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.) are aromatic plants with considerable economic value. These their essential oils used in medicine, cosmetics, the food industry. One of main limiting factors peppermint commercial cultivation is weed competition since weeds able to decrease both oil amount biomass yield. The purpose present study was determine effect parasitism by field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) on dry weight yield composition....

The impact of the pesticide atrazine on biochemical processes in soil was investigated. Atrazine loadings 8.0, 40.0 and 80.0 mg/kg were laboratory tested an experiment set up a clay loam soil. Dehydrogenase activity, change biomass carbon, respiration metabolic coefficient examined. samples collected for analysis 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 60 days after application. acquired data indicated that effect activity depended its application rate duration either stimulating or inhibiting. However, detected...

Several bacterial cultures: Bacillus licheniformis (MO1), B. pumilus (MO2), and amyloliquefaciens (MO3), isolated from manure; megatherium ZP6 (MO4) maize rhizosphere; Azotobacter chroococcum Ps1 (MO5) Pseudomonas fluorescens (MO6), were used to test the influence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on seed germination rate field dodder (Cuscuta campestris Yunk.). Also, examine effect host seeds initial seedlings plants in dark under white light, four (watermelon, red clover,...

Green mould, caused by Trichoderma aggressivum, is one of the major fungal diseases button mushrooms. The main problems in chemical disease control include a lack effective agents, occurrence pathogen resistance to pesticides, and harmful impact on environment. In an attempt find solution, interaction between two beneficial microorganisms, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B-241 (an antifungal agent) Streptomyces flavovirens A06 (a yield stimulant), was investigated vivo. synergy factor (SF)...

The effects of rimsulfuron a sulfonylurea herbicide on the growth and activity soil microorganisms under laboratory conditions was investigated in two soils. application rates were: 0.2, 2.0 20.0 mg a.i kg-1 soil. lowest concentration tested label rate (0.2 kg-1), other were ten hundred times higher. No adverse microbiological processes observed for rate. Decrease microbial biomass carbon, dehydrogenase activity, fungi bacteria comparison with untreated control, found at higher rates....

Short-time effects of the herbicide nicosulfuron on biochemical activity soil was investigated. Nicosulfuron rates 0.3, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg were tested in a laboratory chernozem soil. Dehydrogenase activity, change microbial biomass carbon, respiration metabolic coefficient (qCO2) examined. Samples collected for analysis 1, 7, 14, 21, 30 60 days after application. The obtained results indicated that effect depends its application rate duration either stimulating or inhibiting. However, changes...

ABSTRACT: The effects of the nicosulfuron and glyphosate herbicides on microbial activity in two soils with different physical chemical properties (loam sand) were investigated. Nicosulfuron was applied at rates 0.3, 0.6, 3.0 30.0 mg kg-1 soil 32.6, 65.2, 326.0 3260.0 laboratory. Changes dehydrogenase urease activity, as well biomass carbon, examined. Samples for analysis collected 3, 7, 14, 30 45 days after herbicide application. results showed that depended treatment rate, duration test...

This study was conducted under laboratory conditions to investigate the effects of herbicides (nicosulfuron, metribuzin and glyphosate) on number actinomycetes in soil growth several isolates vitro. The lowest tested concentrations equalled recommended rates (1X), while other three were five-fold (5X), ten-fold (10X) fifty-fold (50X). Samples collected for analysis 3, 7, 14, 30 45 days after herbicide application. Treatment with two highest (10X 50X) caused a significant inhibition obtained...

This paper describes development and validation of a multiresidue method for the determination five pesticides (terbufos, prochloraz, chloridazon, pendimethalin, fluorochloridone) belonging to different pesticide groups in soil samples by GC/MS, followed its application analysis some agricultural samples. The is based on headspace solid-phase microextraction method. Microextraction conditions, namely temperature, extraction time, NaCI content, were tested optimized using 100 microm...

The present study investigated integrated effects of two allelopathic plant water extracts (WE) (Ambrosia artemisiifolia [AMBEL] and Xanthium strumarium [XANST]) a herbicide (mesotrione) on morphological (height fresh weight plants) physiological (pigments content) parameters Abutilon theophrasti Chenopodium album. Also, the aimed to identify main components AMBEL XANST WE evaluate their potential effects. Of 18 compounds, 13 were detected in both tested WE, p-coumaric acid was leading...

The effects of the herbicide nicosulfuron on abundance cellulolytic and proteolytic microorganisms, activity ?-glucosidase protease enzymes, microbial phosphorus biomass were examined. A laboratory bioassay was set up two types agricultural soils differing in physicochemical properties. following concentrations tested: 0.3, 0.6, 3.0 30.0 mg a.i./kg soil. Samples collected 3, 7, 14, 30 45 days after treatment with nicosulfuron. results showed that significantly reduced microorganisms both...

A bioassay test was conducted to evaluate the sensitivity of maize, sunflower and barley clomazone residues in sandy loam soil. Clomazone applied at different rates from 0.12 12 mg a.i./kg The parameters measured 14 days after treatment were: shoot height, fresh dry weight, content pigments (carotenoids, chlorophyll a b). results showed that lowest concentration caused significant reduction all for shoots. Fresh weight maize shoots not sensitive residual activity soil while other were highly...

Studies of adsorption and desorption pesticides by soils are important for understanding predicting their fate transmission in the environment. Considering agricultural environmental relevance clomazone, its sorption?desorption behaviour was studied two widespread Serbian soil types named Regosol Chernozem. Both phenomena well-described Freundlich equation, which shows that clomazone is generally sorbed more to organic matter than mineral fractions. Chernozem, a containing both clay, found...

A multiresidue method for simultaneous determination of four pesticides (diazinon, acetochlor, aldrine and carbofuran) belonging to different pesticide groups, extracted from soil samples, is described. The presented based on liquid-solid extraction (LSE) pesticides, i.e. the were by methanol- acetone mixture, purified florisil column eluted ethyl acetate-acetone mixture. Optimization main parameters affecting LSE procedure, such as choice purification sorbent, well elution solvent its...

The effects of different temperatures (20 °C, 25 30 35 °C and photoperiod 26 °C/21 °C), types soil (sand loam) herbicides (oxyfluorfen, terbuthylazine mesotrione) on seed germination percentage, rate, as well seedling length weight common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) were examined. Over a period ten days, germinated seeds counted daily, measured the final day rate calculated. results indicated that temperature was factor significantly affected percentage milkweed, while it had less...