Abstract Progressive industrialisation and urbanisation in recent decades have dramatically affected the soil cover led to significant changes its properties, which inevitably affect functioning of other components forest ecosystems. The total content Pb, Cd, Zn, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ni, As, Hg was studied twenty-five plots at different heights topsoil (organic humus horizons) formed from Carpathian flysch area Silesian Beskids (Western Carpathians). aim this article is analyse spatial distribution...

Historical land use reconstructions help to assess climate change, interactions between ecosystems and human strengthen the knowledge about these interactions. They are conducted on basis of historical maps that only cover certain areas. Hence, there is a need seek other enabling be reconstructed. The aim study suitability contemporary for reconstructing non-forest area range in Western Carpathians. content was compared with maps, including number glades, their length boundaries. Over 60%...

Landscape changes in the Carpathians are related to centuries of human activity, which can be regarded as key component global change. Changes mountainous regions mainly caused by agriculture, urbanization, forest cutting for production and land abandonment. This paper aimed assess impact natural historical-cultural factors on ecosystem transformations occurred period 1848-2014 two small areas (about 45 km2) Beskid Mountains (southern Poland). The comparison historical current maps, along...

Abstract Many landscapes bear the marks of historical land use. These can be basis for a reconstruction use structure as some them are typical different types human activity. The aim this paper is to determine whether Austrian cadastral maps from 19th century present image most transformed environment in Western Carpathians result agricultural Land and terrain forms were detected based on 1848, airborne laser scanning field studies. In two test areas, percentage arable fields was higher...

The dynamic and magnitude of landscape changes have increased since the 18 19th centuries accelerated after Second World War. As a result, traditional landscapes are vanishing rapidly. In this paper, problems difficulties in restoration conservation discussed, based on studies conducted Western Beskids. area, seasonal mountain economy is observed mainly as result land abandonment. method historical analysis which draws from varied contemporary data was used. range non-forest areas has...

The recent increase in urban areas has stimulated landscape urbanization. One of the ways to study this process is an analysis based on structure land cover. aim paper assess intensity basis CORINE seven largest metropolitan Poland and Ruhr Metropolis Germany. To end, indicator (ULII) was used Corine Land Cover at three levels detail: area, municipalities hexagons. There are similarities with similar origin (industrial function) spatial organization (mono- polycentric agglomerations). Upper...

The agricultural abandonment and reforestation taking place over the last few decades in Carpathians has led to accelerated transformation of pasture landscape. trajectories landscape changes, factors threatening supporting pastures' traditional use have been established on basis archival contemporary cartographic materials, historical scientific works photographs. An attempt also made assess durability. major part former evolved into forest or settlement landscapes. durability will only be...

Mountain societies are strongly linked to natural resources and their rational management. The growing population has led the management of mountain areas according emerging human needs. study was conducted in Urej River catchment (The Fann Mountains, Tajikistan). This paper aims present changes land use 1988–2023 resulting from environmental conditions reform. Pasturelands predominate area (93.8%), while built-up with kitchen garden irrigated cover 1.8% 4.0% area, respectively. Kitchen...

Changes in forest range are caused by human activity many regions of the world. The aim this paper is an attempt to determine impact pastoral and management on changes cover their fragmentation Silesian Beskids (southern Poland) 1848–2015. Historical maps landscape metrics were used study cover. Using a digital map forests, analyses distribution communities, site types condition conducted. Since 1848 area has increased 11.8%, while core zones 16.2%, accompanied 4.5% reduction forest’s...

Abstract There has been a growing interest in applying airborne laser scanning (ALS) studies on past landscapes. This includes marginal mountain areas; however, the usefulness of using ready-made ALS data not assessed quantitatively this type area. paper aims to compare different visualisation techniques digital elevation model (DEM) detect landscape elements connected with human activity areas Western Carpathians. Six DEM were compared, and some problems identified detection field mapping....

A viewshed analysis is of great importance in mountainous areas characterized by high landscape values. The aim this research was to determine the impact reforestation occurring on former pasturelands changes viewshed, and quantify surface glades. We combine a horizontal vertical approach analysis. non-forest from viewpoints located glades were calculated using historical cartographic materials more recent Digital Elevation Model Surface Model. An conducted Visibility tool ArcGIS. decreased...

Establishing national parks should result from a desire to protect natural or near landscapes with the lowest degree of anthropogenic transformation. This paper tries ascertain whether in Poland most and how far they have been affected by humans. The level transformation was assessed based on an analysis percentage natural, semi-natural land cover. vast majority (21 out 23) which minimally transformed humans (RATTNP ranges 1.01 1.16). Only two kinds landscapes, those that are humans, not...

The typologies of landscapes individual states that have ratified the European Landscape Convention do not include mountain pasture landscapes. Pasture in Carpathians are preserved a relatively good condition, although their spatial extent has considerably shrunk over last few decades. article demonstrates meadows and glades meet all conditions allow them to be classified as type landscape, thus they should included national Firstly, constitute set natural (non-forest vegetation)...

Abstract A land use regime undergoes much change over time depending on the growth in importance of various interest groups. Spatial conflicts repeatedly accompany this growth. The aim article is to determine relationship between spatial and landscape changes. On basis Silesian Żywiec Beskid mountain ranges, it has been proven that arising grazing, agriculture, forest management, contemporary building tourism development have significant impacts landscape. To end, archive cartographic...

Abstract Contemporary rural landscapes in Poland are being changed intensively and adversely. These changes lead to landscape disharmony, spatial disorder, the blurring of individual specific features disruption ecological equilibrium. This article aims present general rules for optimization landscapes. It discusses causes consequences unfavourable within Poland’s which constitute a threat their sustainable development. The authors attempt identify major factors be considered taking steps...

Abstract The quantification of reforestation on abandoned land is high importance due to various environmental and socio-economic consequences. This article aims determine the role different factors in plots particular mid-forest glades higher parts Western Carpathians detect feature covered prevalently with forest. Reforestation Index (RI) was used changes reforestation. Bayesian multilevel zero-one inflated beta regression predictors Using series consecutive aerial photographs enabled...

Despite the fact that Fann Mountains are among most popular tourist destinations in Tajikistan, they still first stage of tourism development. This represents a great opportunity for implementation principles sustainable tourism, which will avoid mistakes associated with uncontrolled development currently observed other mountain areas world. The aim this article is to demonstrate, using example Mountains, how hydrogeosites can be valorised needs cognitive tourism. valorisation methods used...

Landscape changes are an inevitable process. However, the dynamics and magnitude of these have increased worldwide since 19 th century, accelerating after Second World War. As a result, many traditional landscapes deteriorated rapidly. While in intensively used areas been completely wiped out, extensively they gradually evolve into afforested, restored, or semi-natural ones. This stems from progressive land abandonment that temperate zone results reforestation, usually loss some natural...

Abstract The delimitation of landscape units can be helpful in the preparation studies related to protection and landscaping. aim this article is propose modification method local developed for audit needs protected areas. comparison two methods indicates that same area assigned different types subtypes. proposed unit allows a more detailed reflection its links administrative boundaries communities.

The traditional mountain landscape connected with the seasonal economy, such as pastoral function, was present in Silesian Beskids (the Western Carpathians, Poland) since 15th century. location near large towns (Bielsko-Biała and Żywiec) Katowice conurbation encourages tourism development. In Beskids, already at beginning of 20th century, but rapid development services related tourist urbanization took place 1960s continued to grow, particularly after socio-economic transition 1989....