A5033517220- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Plant and animal studies
- Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Avian ecology and behavior
- Species Distribution and Climate Change
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management
- Sustainability and Climate Change Governance
- Marine animal studies overview
- Genetic diversity and population structure
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Forest Management and Policy
- Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration
- Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies
- Climate change impacts on agriculture
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Evolution and Paleontology Studies
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Rangeland Management and Livestock Ecology
- Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics
- Global Energy and Sustainability Research
- Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
University of Oxford
2015-2024
International Institute for Environment and Development
2016
Field Museum of Natural History
2008
University of Cambridge
1999-2007
Tsimbazaza Zoo
2000
BirdLife international
2000
Newham College
1995-1997
Species are the fundamental units of biology, ecology and conservation, progress in these fields is therefore hampered by widespread taxonomic bias uncertainty. Numerous operational techniques based on molecular or phenotypic data have been designed to overcome this problem, yet existing procedures remain subjective inconsistent, particularly when applying biological species concept. We address issue developing quantitative methods for a classic technique systematic zoology, namely use...
The rapid anthropogenic climate change that is being experienced in the early twenty-first century intimately entwined with health and functioning of biosphere. Climate impacting ecosystems through changes mean conditions variability, coupled other associated such as increased ocean acidification atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. It also interacts pressures on ecosystems, including degradation, defaunation fragmentation. There a need to understand ecological dynamics these impacts,...
Abstract Nature‐based solutions (NbS) to climate change currently have considerable political traction. However, national intentions deploy NbS yet be fully translated into evidence‐based targets and action on the ground. To enable policy practice better informed by science, we produced first global systematic map of evidence effectiveness nature‐based interventions for addressing impacts hydrometeorological hazards people. Most in natural or semi‐natural ecosystems were reported ameliorated...
Protected areas (PAs) are a cornerstone of conservation efforts and now cover nearly 13% the world's land surface, with governments committed to expand this 17%. However, as biodiversity continues decline, effectiveness PAs in reducing extinction risk species remains largely untested. We analyzed PA coverage trends species' at globally significant sites for conserving birds (10,993 Important Bird Areas, IBAs) highly threatened vertebrates conifers (588 Alliance Zero Extinction sites, AZEs)...
To achieve global food security, we need to approximately double production over the coming decades. Conventional agriculture is mainstream approach achieving this target but has also caused extensive environmental and social harms. The consensus that now an can “multi-functionally” increase while simultaneously enhancing goals, as committed in sustainable development goals (SDGs). Farming needs become more resilient multiple insecurities including climate change, soil degradation, market...
Sexual selection is proposed to be an important driver of diversification in animal systems, yet previous tests this hypothesis have produced mixed results and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we use a novel phylogenetic approach assess influence sexual on patterns evolutionary change during 84 recent speciation events across 23 passerine bird families. We show that elevated levels are associated with more rapid phenotypic divergence between related lineages, effect restricted...
Non-technical summary Ecosystems across the globe are vulnerable to effects of climate change, as communities that depend on them. However, ecosystems can also protect people from change impacts. As evidence base strengthens, nature-based solutions (NbS) increasingly prominent in policy, especially developing nations. Yet intentions rarely translate into measurable, evidence-based targets. Paris Agreement signatories revise their Nationally Determined Contributions, we argue NbS key meeting...
Abstract There is an increasing recognition that, although the climate change and biodiversity crises are fundamentally connected, they have been primarily addressed independently a more integrated global approach essential to tackle these two challenges. Nature‐based Solutions (NbS) hailed as pathway for promoting synergies between agendas. are, however, uncertainties difficulties associated with implementation of NbS, while evidence regarding their benefits remains limited. We identify...
Given that evolutionary divergence in mating signals leads to reproductive isolation numerous animal taxa, understanding what drives signal is fundamental our of speciation. Mating are thought diverge via several processes, including (1) as a by‐product morphological adaptation, (2) through direct adaptation the signaling environment, or (3) facilitate species recognition. According first two hypotheses, birdsongs diversify different foraging niches and habitats product selection for optimal...
Visual signals are shaped by variation in the signaling environment through a process termed sensory drive, sometimes leading to speciation. However, evidence for drive acoustic is restricted comparisons between highly dissimilar habitats, or single-species studies which it difficult rule out influence of undetected ecological variables, pleiotropic effects, chance. Here we assess whether this form drive-often "acoustic adaptation"-can generate signal divergence across gradients. By studying...
Communal signalling—wherein males and females collaborate to produce joint visual or acoustic displays—is perhaps the most complex least understood form of communication in social animals. Although many communal signals appear mediate competitive interactions within between coalitions individuals, previous studies have highlighted a confusing array environmental factors that may explain evolution these displays, we still lack global synthesis needed understand why are distributed so unevenly...
Abstract Physiological and behavioural constraints arising from ecological specialisation are proposed to limit gene flow promote diversification in tropical lineages. In this study, we use phylogenetic analyses test idea 739 Amazonian bird species. We show that patterns of species subspecies richness best predicted by a suite avian specialisms common avifaunas but rare the temperate zone. However, only applied niche traits associated with dispersal limitation rather than vagility. These...
Mating signals may diversify as a byproduct of morphological adaptation to different foraging niches, potentially driving speciation. Although many studies have focused on the direct influence ecological and sexual selection signal divergence, role indirect mechanisms remains poorly understood. Using phenotypic molecular datasets, we explored interplay between vocal evolution in an avian radiation characterized by dramatic beak variation, Neotropical woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptinae). We found...
Significance Social signals used in multispecies choruses are generally assumed to be partitioned across temporal, spatial, or design axes minimize the costs of misidentification. In contrast, we show that Amazonian bird species signaling temporal and spatial proximity use acoustic more similar than expected by chance. We also evidence this pattern emerges because phylogenetically conserved (or potentially convergent) mediate interspecific competition among with ecological niches. Together,...
Phenotypic divergence can promote reproductive isolation and speciation, suggesting a possible link between rates of phenotypic evolution the tempo speciation at multiple evolutionary scales. To date, most macroevolutionary studies diversification have focused on morphological traits, whereas behavioral traits─including vocal signals─are rarely considered. Thus, although traits often mediate mate choice gene flow, we limited understanding how contributes to diversification. Furthermore,...