In this paper, we describe how to define and build a set of known loads be used in near-field microwave microscopy. Such are necessary up calibration kit, enabling local quantitative measurements by the microscope. The proposed protocol is validated through microscopy system have recently developed that combines scanning tunneling microscope 70-GHz vector network analyzer.

Microwave microscopy has recently attracted intensive effort, owing to its capability provide quantitative information about the local composition and electromagnetic response of a sample. Nonetheless, interpretation microwave images remains challenge as waves interact with sample surrounding in multitude ways following different paths: are convolution all contributions. In this work we show that examining time evolution allows us disentangle each contribution, providing striking quality...

A process for the fabrication of dielectricless rectangular waveguides (RWGs) integrated in substrate is presented and experimentally validated. First, two complementary circuits are realized through milling guide a and, then, metallized with traditional additive processes used printed-circuit board industry. Next, joined together, electric continuity enforced additional rows conductive holes along sidewall, as it occurs substrate-integrated waveguide technology. comparison between...

This work addresses the problem of fundamental limitations to optimum performance diplexers employing three-port junctions and preassigned branching filters. In this situation it is a common misconception that results are achieved by utilizing good power divider closed two From properties S-matrix junction, we show not be case derive set necessary conditions satisfied in order junction successfully employed realization diplexers. We explicit expressions for positions at which filters must...

This paper proposes a technique to analyze double-star permanent-magnet synchronous generators by transforming the two three-phase winding sets into couples of windings on <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> - and xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -axes rotor reference frame. The introduces improvements with respect other approaches, as it takes account harmonic content no-load flux linkages armature windings,...

In this work, we introduce a hybrid atomic-force/near-field scanning microwave microscope, exploiting the tomographic capabilities of microscopy to explore structures relevant interest, namely, samples involving both biological and non-biological materials at same time. particular, show imaging C2C12 muscle cells grown in presence bundles multi-walled carbon nanotubes: here, microscopy, by virtue its potentiality, highlights how incorporate some nanotubes their fibers.

A review of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) components designed for the use in beam-forming networks working X-Band is presented. The proposed devices are four-port and six-port couplers magic tees network. take full advantage SIW technology order to reduce size, weight, cost. design processes all exposed, experimental results prototypes show feasibility these solutions.

In this paper, an adaptation of a shaded pole motor operating as single-phase brushless PM is studied. After properly designing the rotor ring to avoid demagnetization problems, nonlinear mathematical model for performance assessment and design improvement proposed. The calculation parameters carried out by 2-D FEM analyses suitably corrected also take into account 3-D effects, mainly due different stator lengths. procedure implemented in numerical code makes it possible investigate...

In this work, we demonstrate a hybrid scanning tunneling microscope/near field microwave microscope featuring nanometric resolution in liquid environment. The system performs an ultra-broadband analysis, since the frequency is swept (up to 50 GHz) for each spatial point of sample under measurement. A conversion time-domain allows disentangle near-field and far-field probe-sample interactions. Results are reported highly oriented pyrolitic graphite immersed water, spite presence losses...

A squintless slot-antenna array (2-D), built on a single substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is shown. The effort needed for designing suitable feeding network in SIW technology justified view of obtaining lightweight, low-profile, and low-cost antennas many applications, including direct broadcast satellite. proper definition an "H"-shaped subarray, made four slot-pairs, used to improve the input matching over wide band. This choice allows remarkable simplification fabrication process, as...

Nanoparticles are receiving increasing attention as carriers of active drugs or biochemical signals. Among them, fullerene C60 is particularly attractive since its cage structure helps it to carry other molecules and lipophilicity penetrate through a cell membrane. This paper explores the potential time-gated broadband near-field scanning microwave microscopy for detecting inside Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 breast cancer cells. It demonstrates measurement relative variation electromagnetic...

This paper presents for the first time an innovative instrument called inverted scanning microwave microscope (iSMM), which is capable of noninvasive and label-free imaging characterization intracellular structures a live cell on nanometer scale. In particular, iSMM sensitive to not only surface structures, but also ectromagnetic properties up one micrometer below surface. Conveniently, can be constructed through straightforward conversion any probe microscope, such as atomic force or...

In this work we describe the application of a dual-channel scanning probe microscope performing simultaneously Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and wide-band Near Field Microwave (wide-band SMM) - developed by ourselves- to graphene flake. our system introduce conversion in Time-Domain discriminate desired information, achieving high quality microwave images with nanometric resolution. The sample is deposited on substrate SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

Guided, hybrid propagation in a slotline at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies is discussed. The analysis carried out rigorously the space domain, involving variational solution of singular integral equation for an E, field tangential to slot. Data are obtained distributions, dispersion, characteristic impedance, compared with data available literature. Results reported on power lost by mode conductors dielectric substrate. highlights onset leakage into sufficiently thick substrate...

Inductive posts of finite dimensions are currently employed for the precise realization millimeter-wave filters in waveguides. Although this structure constitutes a classical problem, no true wideband equivalent circuit seems to be available, that is, with elements dependent only on post geometry and, at same time, capable describing higher-order mode interaction. The availability such an is prerequisite efficient CAD. A rigorous model, including near-neighbor interaction, suitable accurate...

Summary form only given, as follows. In this work, we describe the application to a Graphene flake of dual-channel scanning probe microscope, able perform simultaneously tunnel current and wide-band near field microwave measurements. We achieve high quality images with nanometric resolution. The sample is deposited on substrate SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> an additional deposition gold (a contact finger)....

A strategy for the full-wave analysis of slotted waveguide planar arrays is presented and demonstrated. The core method a suitable segmentation antenna into two fundamental regions: an "internal" one, formed by circuit, "external" consisting half space above plate where radiating slots are located. internal region further segmented several blocks, connected to each other via their generalized admittance matrices (GAMs). latter calculated means either commercial or home made tool. front...

When two filters are cascaded together, unwanted spikes appear in the rejection region. These can have a strong impact on performance of resulting filter. Therefore, it is desired to suppress or move them far away from operational band, including part band as well. This paper addresses systematic evaluation such phenomenon and proposes simple yet effective method, called spike envelope curve, have, single run for any frequency, worst possible case, without need repeating onerous analyses. It...

Near-field scanning microwave microscopy (SMM) employs radiation to image and characterize samples down the atomic scale, including soft biological structures or inorganic materials, such as ferroelectric films. However, SMM generally also senses sample topography; hypersensitivity topography becomes problematic with additional parasitic contributions may partially completely mask nontopographic features in data, contrast electrical conductivity permittivity. This work proposes a simple...

Compact waveguide bends with low return loss over the full band width are realized by placing properly selected discontinuities inside curve. The component is designed using an extremely efficient computer code which employs local modes approach to analyze curved sections, while rigorously accounted for considering their multimode equivalent circuit. A simple technique select appropriate matching elements described and examples of full-band matched provided.

We present an effective criterion for the choice of starting point in optimization T-manifold multiplexers. Given N separately designed channel filters, method provides expressions their locations with respect to manifold as well spacings between junctions forming itself. By inspection results it is seen that proposed formulae perform considerably better than standard ones based on stub models. In fact, non-contiguous case, design almost complete when have certain characteristics. contiguous...

This paper presents a novel kind of circuit prototype suitable for modeling coaxial cavity filters, where all cavities are coupled sidewise. Initially, the parameters explicitly derived from those classical Cohn's inline filter, which is assumed as starting point. The main feature proposed adaptive model its one-to-one correspondence to physical structure, making design feasible without additional optimizations or expensive tuning. Another lies in that adapted structure along way synthesis...

The filter prototype of side-coupled coaxial filters, which we recently proposed, has been modified to suit an arrangement in the coupling apertures are placed on side opposite end gaps. In this situation, fits physical counterpart better, resulting a further design simplification. addition, feeds have also modeled and included into prototype, thus enhancing correspondence between structure. A practical design, concerning WIMAX application, shows reliability solution.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the effects exposure Extremely Low Frequency ElectroMagnetic Fields (ELFEMFs) on nonand excitable cells using in vitro cell models, namely neuron-like line (PC12), glioblastoma-derived GL15 as glial model and C2C12 myocytes muscle model, focusing our attention standardized protocols for ELF-EMFs generation exposure. A major issue laboratory — likely nature studies about possible biological ELF waves difficulty providing standard, reproducible environmental...