In the three decades since Marr put forward his computational theory of hippocampal coding, many models have been built on same key principles proposed by Marr: sparse representations, rapid Hebbian storage, associative recall and consolidation. Most these focused either CA3 or CA1 fields, using “off-the-shelf” learning algorithms such as competitive pattern association. Here, we propose a novel coding principle that is common to all regions, from this one principal, derive rules for each...

Semantic priming is traditionally viewed as an effect that rapidly decays. A new view of long-term word in attractor neural networks proposed. The model predicts semantic under certain conditions. That is, the task must engage semantic-level processing to a sufficient degree. predictions were confirmed computer simulations and 3 experiments. Experiment 1 showed when target words are each preceded by multiple semantically related primes, there long-lag on semantic-decision but not...

Since the remarkable discovery of adult neurogenesis in mammalian hippocampus, considerable effort has been devoted to unraveling functional significance these new neurons. Our group proposed that a continual turnover neurons DG could contribute development event-unique memory traces act reduce interference between highly similar inputs. To test this theory, we implemented continuous recognition task containing some objects were repeated across trials as well similar, but not identical, ones...

Grading hydronephrosis severity relies on subjective interpretation of renal ultrasound images. Deep learning algorithms classify images into categories using data-driven methods, thus presenting a promising option for grading hydronephrosis. The current study explored the potential convolutional neural networks (CNN), type deep algorithm, to grade according 5-point Society Fetal Urology (SFU) classification system, and discusses its applications in developing decision teaching aids clinical...

This study examined the combined effect of physical exercise and cognitive training on memory neurotrophic factors in healthy, young adults. Ninety-five participants completed 6 weeks training, or no (control). Both groups improved performance a high-interference task, whereas control group did not. In contrast, neither general recognition performance, suggesting that selectively increases may be linked to hippocampal function. Individuals who experienced greater fitness improvements from...

Unlike other forms of priming, semantic priming appears only to occur at short lags. In apparent contrast this, S. Becker, M. Moscovitch, Behrmann, and Joordens (1997) described a theory that predicts long-term effects for all relatedness. This prediction is reconciled with previous failures observe on the basis 2 claims: (a) previously used pairs share few features (b) tasks typically study are not especially sensitive influences. The present experiments provide further support these claims...

Unsupervised learning procedures based on Hebbian principles have been successful at modelling low-level feature extraction, but are insufficient for to recognize higher- order features and complex objects. In this paper we explore a class of unsupervised algorithms called Imax (Becker Hinton 1992 Nature 355 161-3) that derived from information-theoretic principles. The the idea maximizing mutual information between outputs different network modules, capable extracting higher-order data....

Supervised learning procedures for neural networks have recently met with considerable success in difficult mappings. However, their range of applicability is limited by poor scaling behavior, lack biological plausibility, and restriction to problems which an external teacher available. A promising alternative develop unsupervised algorithms can adaptively learn encode the statistical regularities input patterns, without being told explicitly correct response each pattern. In this paper, we...

Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus plays an important role learning and memory. However, precise contribution of new neurons to function remains controversial. Emerging evidence suggests that is for pattern separation mitigating interference when similar items must be learned at different times. In present study, we directly test this prediction using a recently developed olfactory memory task has those specific features. task, rats learn two highly interfering lists odor...

Post-traumatic stress disorder can be viewed as a memory disorder, with trauma-related flashbacks being core symptom. Given the central role of hippocampus in autobiographical memory, surprisingly, there is mixed evidence concerning altered hippocampal functional connectivity PTSD. We shed light on this discrepancy by considering distinct roles anterior versus posterior and examine how distinction may map onto whole-brain resting-state patterns among those without PTSD.We first assessed...

Humans perceive shape rapidly and effortlessly but have great difficulties describing what they perceive. This suggests that the representation of in brain is abstract very unlike used conscious thought. Here we explore proposal this matched to statistical properties objects environment. From an ensemble several hundred laser-scanned three-dimensional (3D) human heads extract principal components which provide a compact basis for head shape. We show that, with good accuracy, given can be...

Abstract Several decades of research into the function frontal lobes in brain-damaged patients, and more recently intact individuals using brain imaging, has delineated complex executive functions cortex. And yet, mechanisms by which achieves these remain poorly understood. Here, we present a computational model role prefrontal cortex (PFC) controlled memory use that may help to shed light on underlying one aspect control: development deployment recall strategies. The accounts for...