Mutation of Trp-40 in the Cel7A cellobiohydrolase from Trichoderma reesei (TrCel7A) causes a loss crystalline cellulose-degrading ability.Mutant W40A showed reduced specific activity for cellulose and diffused chain entrance active site tunnel.Trp-40 is essential end loading to initiate processive hydrolysis TrCel7A.The mechanisms polysaccharide degradation are clarified. The glycoside hydrolase family 7 one best studied cellulases with ability degrade highly cellulose. catalytic domain...

Reduction to satisfiability of constrained Horn clauses (CHCs) is a widely studied approach automated program verification. Current CHC-based methods, however, do not work very well for pointer-manipulating programs, especially those with dynamic memory allocation. This article presents novel reduction Rust programs into CHCs, which clears away pointers and states by leveraging Rust’s guarantees on permission. We formalize our simplified core prove its soundness completeness. have...

Many algorithms in verification and automated reasoning leverage some form of duality between proofs refutations or counterexamples. In most cases, is only used as an intuition that helps understanding the not formalized. other explicitly, but a specially tailored way does generalize to problems. this paper we propose unified primal-dual framework for designing duality. To end, concept Lagrangian commonly linear programming optimization capture domains considered problems, which are usually...

Many algorithms in verification and automated reasoning leverage some form of duality between proofs refutations or counterexamples. In most cases, is only used as an intuition that helps understanding the not formalized. other explicitly, but a specially tailored way does generalize to problems. this paper we propose unified primal-dual framework for designing duality. To end, concept Lagrangian commonly linear programming optimization capture domains considered problems, which are usually...

The satisfiability (SAT) problem of higher-order quantified Boolean formula (HOQBF) emerged as a natural generalization SAT, and second-order SAT. It allows succinct encoding k-EXPTIME problems beyond the reach prior formulations, but its application was hampered by lack solvers. In this paper, we present first HOQBF solver that leverages techniques from model-checking community. Our is based on reduction to model checking, which checking while-programs functional programs. ability checker...

The white‐rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium has two intracellular β‐glucosidases (BGL1A and BGL1B) belonging to glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 1. BGL1B effectively hydrolyzes cellobiose cellobionolactone, but BGL1A does not. We have determined the crystal structure of in substrate‐free gluconolactone complexed forms. overall characteristic subsite −1 (glycone site) were similar those other known GH1 enzymes. loop regions covering on (β/α) 8 barrel was significantly deviated, they form...

Harmer and McCusker have developed a fully abstract game model for nondeterministic Idealised Algol and, at the same time, revealed difficulties in constructing models stateless languages infinite nondeterminism. We propose novel approach which strategy is not set, but tree, of plays, develop language. Mathematically such formalised as sheaf over an appropriate site plays. conclude with study on pointed out by terms structure coverage sites.

To support the design and operation of decontamination system using KURION media for treatment highly contaminated water accumulated in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, Central Research Institute Electric Industry has urgently carried out many kinds research development programs to columns filled with three (H, AGH SMZ). Since at Station contained seawater oil, effects sea salt dissolved oil on Cs adsorption behavior were examined closely by batch type. The concentration solutions...

To increase the uranium recovery rate of molten salt electrorefining step in pyrometallurgical reprocessing metallic fast reactor fuels, tests were carried out using electrorefiners equipped with mechanisms for scraping cathode deposits. After modifications design anode basket and scraper mechanism, no stalling rotation due to interference by deposits occurred. Under condition that codissolution zirconium was allowed order obtain maximum throughput, a current 400–450A maintained until 82%...

An electrorefining process for metallic spent nuclear fuel treatment is being investigated in ITU. Solid aluminium cathodes are used homogeneous recovery of all actinides within the carried out molten LiCl–KCl eutectic salt at a temperature 500 °C. As selectivity, efficiency and performance solid Al has been already shown using un-irradiated An–Zr alloy based test fuels, present work was focused on laboratory-scale demonstration irradiated METAPHIX-1 composed U67–Pu19–Zr10–MA2–RE2 (wt.%, MA...

To investigate the distribution of fission product elements in electrorefining spent metallic fuel, tests were carried out using U-Zr alloy containing simulated products. An intermediate region was found between undissolved and Zr-rich regions formed by anodic dissolution uranium. The composition this determined wavelength-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDS) analysis corresponded to that δ-phase (63–78 at% Zr) binary phase diagram. This is expected form course sequence begins from an ends...

We introduce type-checking games, which are ω-regular games over Böhm trees, determined by a type of the Kobayashi-Ong intersection system. These higher-type extension parity an alternating tree automaton. However, in contrast to these "game boards" our composable, using composition trees. Moreover winner (and winning strategies) composite game is completely respective winners component games.

Motivated by applications to open program reasoning such as maximal specification inference, this paper studies optimal CHC solving , a problem compute and/or minimal solutions of constrained Horn clauses (CHCs). This and its subproblems have been studied in the literature, major approach is iteratively improve solution CHCs until it becomes optimal. So key ingredient optimization methods optimality checking given solution. We propose novel method, well an method using proposed checker,...

Various methods have recently been proposed for temporal property verification of higher-order programs. In those methods, however, either properties were limited to linear-time ones, or target programs finite-data this paper, we extend Kobayashi et al.'s recent method based on HFLZ model checking, deal with branching-time properties. We formalize problems as an extension HORS checking called HORSZ present a sound and complete reduction validity (modal-free) formulas, prove its correctness....

Motivated by a tight connection between Joyal's combinatorial species and quantitative models of linear logic, this paper introduces weighted generalised (or profunctors), where weights are morphisms given symmetric monoidal closed category (SMCC). For each SMCC W, we show that the W-weighted profunctors is Lafont category, categorical model logic with exponential. As programming languages, construction gives unified framework induces adequate nondeterministic, probabilistic, algebraic...

In order to develop a glass production method that inhibits formation of the Mo-bearing secondary phase, so-called yellow phase (YP), and also clarify its behavior, vitrification tests using small-scale liquid-fed ceramic melter (LFCM) were conducted. Chemically simulated PUREX liquid waste containing Na, Mo other fission elements was fed into molten pool in together with several sizes feed glass. When beads diameter around 2 mm fed, some YP contained vitrified products at 25 wt% loading....

Taha and Nielsen have developed a multi-stage calculus {\lambda}{\alpha} with sound type system using the notion of environment classifiers. They are special identifiers, which code fragments variable declarations annotated, their scoping mechanism is used to ensure statically that certain closed safely runnable. In this paper, we investigate Curry-Howard isomorphism for classifiers by developing typed {\lambda}-calculus {\lambda}|>. It corresponds multi-modal logic allows quantification...