Paper used in the printing industry generally contains a relatively thin porous coating covering thicker fibrous base layer. The three-dimensional pore structure of coatings has major effect on fluid flow patterns inside paper medium. Understanding and quantifying properties layers is hence crucial. Pore spaces within have an average size about 180 nm. We scanning electron microscopy combined with focused ion beam (FIB-SEM) to visualize nano-scale Post-processing FIB-SEM images allowed us...

In studies of two-phase flow in complex porous media it is often desirable to have an estimation the capillary pressure–saturation curve prior measurements. Therefore, we compare this research capability three pore-scale approaches reproducing experimentally measured curves. To do so, generated 12 packings spheres that are representative four different glass-bead and eight sand packings, for which found experimental data on literature. generating matched particle size distributions porosity...

In this study, uncoated paper was characterized. Three-dimensional structure of the layer reconstructed using imaging results micro-CT scanning with a relatively high resolution (0.9μm) . Image analysis provided pore space layer, which used to determine its porosity and size distribution. Representative elementary volume (REV) determined by calculating values permeability for varying domain sizes. We found that those remained unchanged sizes 400×400×150μm3 larger; chosen as REV size. The...

Low-salinity water flooding can be effectively used for enhanced oil recovery. Given the complex physical and chemical processes involved, several controlling mechanisms have been proposed to describe re-mobilization in presence of solution with low salinity. Osmosis water-in-oil emulsification are among these mechanisms. However, our current knowledge about is limited their associated time scales not well understood. In this study, we 11 capillary tubes an inner diameter 800 µm inject a...

Pore network model simulation (PNM) is an important method to simulate reactive transport processes in porous media and investigate constitutive relationships between permeability porosity that can be implemented continuum-scale reactive-transport modeling.The existing pore models (rtPNMs) assume the initially cylindrical throats maintain their shape throat conductance updated using a form of Hagen-Poiseuille relation.However, context calcite dissolution, earlier studies have shown during...

The porosity value of swelling granular materials depends on the degree and state-of-stress inside packing. This research focusses a bed Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) particles, which are absorbent particles that can absorb 30 to 40 times their initial weight saline fluids. Due complexity materials, measurements porosity, also hydraulic parameters, complex often not feasible, unless quasi-static approach is employed. An alternative only conduct measurements, but in addition generate...

In this study, the spreading of a liquid droplet on surface fibrous paper and its penetration into is studied. The was visualized using confocal microscopy depth quantified Automatic Scanning Absorptiometry (ASA) measurements. three-dimensional structure obtained through micro-tomography imaging with resolution 0.9 µm. images were used to reconstruct pore space, which in turn direct numerical simulations paper. Simulations performed open source code OpenFOAM, solves equations two-phase flow...

Liquid penetration into thin porous media such as paper is often simulated using continuum-scale single-phase Darcy's law. The underlying assumption was that a sharp invasion front percolates through the layer. To explore this ambiguous and to understand controlling pore-scale mechanisms, we have developed dynamic pore-network model simulate imbibition of wetting phase from droplet coating realistic pore structures are obtained FIB-SEM imaging material with minimum resolution 3.5 nm. Pore...

Abstract It is reported that temperature rises at wetting front during water infiltration into soil. The goes back to the background value after passage of front. Different explanations have been provided for source energy causing spike. Some contributed it heat condensation released due vapor on “dry” solid surface. other stated or adsorption responsible rise. In this research, we revisited issue. First, provide a comprehensive review about occurrence spike Then, report experiments...

Coated paper is an example of a multi-layer porous medium, involving coating layer along the two surfaces and fibrous in interior paper. The interface between these media needs to be characterized order develop relevant modeling tools. After careful cutting paper, cross section was imaged using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. resulting image analyzed characterize its transition layer. Such analysis showed that thickness highly variable, with significant fraction it being...

Colloid transport through a porous medium changes geometrical and hydraulic properties of the pore space. The impact this effect depends on colloid types space surface which determine likelihood clogging. attachment subsequent detachment are key factors in In study, four major fluid colloids conductivity alteration during were evaluated using machine learning. These parameters include solution ionic strength, zeta potential, size flow velocity. A combined lattice Boltzmann-smoothed profile...

Abstract A 3D pore network model was developed to simulate the removal of dextran from water. Advanced scanning electron microscopy combined with focused ion beam analysis used obtain sizes different networks that represent microscopic structure a porous membrane. The required input transport parameters for modeling were obtained by performing dynamic experiments on adsorption within pores polysulfone simulated flux changes demonstrated good agreement experimental data showing such can be...

Abstract We use five established, but conceptually different artificial intelligence algorithms for analysing clogging and quantifying colloid transport at pore scale: neural networks, decision tree, random forest, linear regression, support vector regression. test how these algorithm can predict by interpolating physics based simulation data. Our training data set is on results from Lattice Boltzmann simulations reproducing the of through a typical throat present in glass beads or medium...

In swelling materials, the hydraulic parameters, such as porosity, permeability, and retention properties depend on degree of swelling. An example granular materials are super absorbent polymer (SAP) particles, which can absorb 30-40 times their initial weight saline fluids within a few minutes. Due to fast absorption rate, measurements parameters bed SAP particles is complex or not feasible unless quasi-static approach used. alternative use grain-scale model estimate for various packings....

In order to control ink droplet movement into the printing-paper layer, a set of pore-scale two-phase flow simulations were performed. The high-resolution three-dimensional pore space paper was obtained using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Solving Navier-Stokes equations yielded details about dynamic layer. To evaluate simulation results, for first time, confocal laser imaging technique integrated FIB-SEM chamber. Doing so, high resolution penetration inside...

The present work investigates the performance and degradation mechanisms of a Ni-based anode supported Solid Oxides Fuel Cells (SOFC) operating at 800 900°C on direct internal reforming dry wet natural gas. catalytic properties support were first studied to determine safe conditions under which conversion methane can occur directly within fuel cell. A full electrochemical characterization complete cells followed preliminarily assess their resistance towards carbon formation when...

SOFC single cell was fabricated by using cost effective and simple methods like tape casting screen printing. Anodic anodic active layer electrolyte were made method. Properties characterization of the examined. Results showed has good microstructure its performance that comparable with other SOFC.

SOFC single cell was fabricated by using two simple and most frequently methods: tape casting screen printing. Anodic anodic active layer made method printing used to fabricate electrolyte cathode layer. Properties performance of the were examined compared with commercial cells. Results showed that has good properties its is comparable one.