Abstract The wood-water interactions of modified beech wood ( Fagus sylvatica L.) were studied. Specimens thermally at 180 (TM 1 ), 200 2 ) and 220 °C 3 acetylated (Acet), melamine formaldehyde (MF) resin (Mel) modified. Afterwards, the water vapour characteristics, i.e. sorption isotherms, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), dimensional stability specimens conditioned 30, 65 90% RH liquid absorption, maximum (MC), leachability swelling kinetics, determined results compared with reference...

The dimensional stability of thermally modified wood exposed to several wetting-drying cycles was analyzed. Specimens dimensions 15×15 ×15 mm were at 180 and 200 °C. mass loss chemical composition the determined in order evaluate effect degree modification. Afterwards, radial, tangential, volumetric swelling, anti-swelling efficiency, water absorption, repellence due compared. specimen’s tended decrease with each additional rewetting cycle. Additional extractives that formed via thermal...

Surface charring of wood is a one-sided thermal modification process that can be used to create hydrophobic, durable surface exterior claddings. Spruce (Picea abies L.) samples were charred with hot plate and several time-temperature combinations while using simultaneous compression. Temperature profile, water sorption, cupping after exposure density profile measured. Furthermore, changes in the microstructure functional groups investigated by scanning electron microscopy photoacoustic FT-IR...

The aim of this paper was to analyze selected properties beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) treated by one-sided surface charring. Specimens were one-side charred with a hot plate using several time-temperature combinations (from 200 400 °C). Characteristics such as colour, discoloration, roughness, fire resistance, total carbohydrate content at layers and decay resistance evaluated. Surface charring applied the radial tangential surfaces. Colour measurements showed that turned grey due In...

The traditional Japanese method of wood surface charring was studied. To perform the charring, three sawn Norway spruce and Silver fir boards dimension 190 × 24 4000 mm3 were tied together to act as a chimney charred in short time (3–4 min) with open flame at temperature above 500 °C. Temperature inside recorded on different positions during process. Surface increased from 0 °C approx. 120–300 s while 100–250 s. thickness layer resulting cupping effect investigated heights evaluate its...

In this paper the effect of heat and ammonia treatment on change in colour oak wood (Quercus robur) comparison physical mechanical properties were investigated.Wood specimens made from heartwood sapwood dimensions 30×30×30 mm 3 .The subjected to at 180ºC 230ºC for 2 4 hours, others treated by 24 hours.After these processes, CIELAB colour, hardness, EMC, density MOE tested with untreated samples.The results show that contributed darkening total increased up 38.47 units (CIELAB) radial...

One-sided surface charred European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) was studied. Radial and tangential specimens of dimensions 50 × 25 350 mm were one-sided at 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 °C for various times using a contact heating system. Specimens mm3 prepared treatment intensity analysis its effect on wettability. Density profiles the radial determined X-ray densitography with resolution 0.05 mm. The wettability analyzed via angle, measured sessile drop method over 10 to 150 s. oven-dried...

The aim of this work was to better understand the ignition method timber charring in order improve industrial process. Three silver fir boards were tied together make a triangular prism, which acted as chimney. To start process, traditional Yakisugi uses an ignitor paper ball. This ball research replaced with gas burner. burner supplies required energy even level and provides airflow upward direction. surface temperature samples increased from 10 500 °C approximately 40 80 s at all recorded...

The present paper describes the reclamation of dumpsites coal ash - combustion by-products (CCB) generated by burning brown in thermal power plants. It evaluates soil properties formed Anthroposols and growth vitality forest tree species Quercus robur L., rubra Pinus sylvestris Betula verrucosa Ehrh., Populus tremula nigra Salix fragilis alba Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. best at these sites was reached seed origin from vegetation series primary succession. Deformations taproot (taproot...

Abstract The temperature and moisture profiles during thermal modification of beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) spruce Picea abies L. Karst.) wood have been investigated. Specimens with dimensions 80×80×200 mm 3 were heat treated based on ThermoWood technology. Heat transfer was continuously measured by several thermocouples placed into various positions the samples. In course treatment, samples removed from chamber at different times, their content (MC) so-called slicing technique. complete data...

Color including texture and gloss is one of the most important esthetical attributes wood. For any porous materials in contact with water, phenomenon surface darkening arises from a change refractive index, as water enters air-filled pores. first time, this research investigated to what extent MC differences affect color, below fiber saturation after pores are filled respect extractive contents. Samples 13 wood species were exposed various climates, soon EMC was reached, color determined....

This work examines the effect of thermal modification temperatures in production thermally modified wood on cutting and fracture parameters when heat-treated spruce by a circular sawblade machine. The samples were at 160, 180, 200, 220 °C. One sample was unmodified used as reference sample. On basis performed experiments, (fracture toughness shear yield strength) calculated for axial-perpendicular direction cutting. In comparison with theoretical assumptions, influence temperature confirmed....

Abstract Wood modification (by thermal or chemical treatment) helps to improve the dimensional stability of wood and enhance its resistance biological agents. Beech is non-durable exposure in exterior settings dramatically shortens service life. To determine full potential beech for advanced applications, a better understanding changes induced by needed. Two treatments (acetylation melamine formaldehyde resin impregnation) three (heating 180, 200 220 °C) were performed on wood. The effect...

Linear friction welding of wood is a bonding process applied to and during which stiff bond line formed by the softening rehardening components form composite material composed mainly fibres embedded in modified lignin matrix. Unfortunately, bonds tend spontaneously delaminate or lose their strength when exposed moist conditions. Some approaches were previously overcome this problem, but so far suitable solution has not been found. This paper presents results applying post-welding thermal...

The purpose of this work was to determine the optimal welding time for linear friction birch (Betula pendula L.) wood while keeping other parameters constant and at similar levels compared species in a density range.Specimens with dimensions 20 × 5 150 mm 3 were welded together, influence (2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0 s) on mechanical properties specimens determined.The studies included tensile-shear strength test as well visual estimation failure percentage (WFP).Additionally, X-ray microtomographic...