We describe a novel oscillator that converts continuous light energy into stable and spectrally pure microwave signals. This optoelectronic consists of pump laser feedback circuit including an intensity modulator, optical fiber delay line, photodetector, amplifier, filter. develop quasi-linear theory obtain expressions for the threshold condition, amplitude, frequency, line width, spectral power density oscillation. also present experimental data to compare with theoretical results. Our...

Abstract Femtosecond laser-based generation of radio frequency signals has produced astonishing improvements in achievable spectral purity, one the basic features characterizing performance an oscillator. Kerr combs hold promise for transforming these lab-scale oscillators to chip-scale level. In this work we demonstrate a miniature 10 GHz photonic oscillator characterized with phase noise better than −60 dBc Hz −1 at Hz, −90 100 and −170 MHz. The stability device, as represented by Allan...

We describe a novel photonic oscillator that converts continuous-light energy into stable and spectrally pure microwave signals. This optoelectronic (OEO) consists of pump laser feedback circuit including an intensity modulator, optical-fiber delay line, photodetector amplifier, filter. present the results quasi-linear theory for describing properties their experimental verifications. Our findings indicate OEO can generate ultrastable, microwave-reference signals up to 75 GHz with phase...

We demonstrate parametric frequency doubling in a whispering gallery cavity made of periodically poled lithium niobate. This demonstration is an example utility such crystalline optical resonators with very high Q factors, which we have fabricated.

We describe and demonstrate a multiloop technique for single-mode selection in an optoelectronic oscillator (OEO). present experimental results of dual loop OEO, free running at 10 GHz, that has the lowest phase noise (-140 dBc/Hz kHz from carrier) all free-running room-temperature oscillators to date. Finally, we first fiber-optic implementation carrier suppression further reduce close-to-carrier by least 20 dB.

We report on the experimental demonstration of a tunable monolithic optical frequency comb generator. The device is based four-wave mixing in crystalline calcium fluoride whispering gallery mode resonator. spacing given by an integer number free spectral range select desired tuning pumping laser with respect to corresponding resonator mode. also observe rich variety combs and high-frequency hyperparametric oscillation, depending conditions. A potential application for generating narrow band...

The thermal stability of monolithic optical microresonators is essential for many mesoscopic photonic applications such as ultrastable laser oscillators, microwave clocks, and precision navigation sensing. Their fundamental performance largely bounded by instability. Sensitive monitoring can be achieved utilizing cross-polarized dual-mode beat frequency metrology, determined the polarization-dependent thermorefractivity a single-crystal microresonator, wherein heterodyne radio-frequency pins...

We report a significant improvement of the finesse and quality factor calcium fluoride whispering gallery mode optical resonator achieved with iterative thermal annealing. The initial final values are F(i) approximately 5 x 10(5) F(f) >/= 10(7) respectively. measurements conducted at room temperature in laboratory atmosphere.

Stimulated Brillouin scattering with both pump and Stokes beams in resonance whispering gallery modes of an ultrahigh Q calcium fluoride resonator is demonstrated for the first time. The pumped 1064 nm light has 3 muW lasing threshold. observed due to unique morphology reducing phase mismatch between optical hypersound wave.

Abstract Advanced applications in optical metrology demand improved lasers with high spectral purity, form factors that are small and insensitive to environmental perturbations. While laboratory-scale extraordinarily stability low noise have been reported, all-integrated chip-scale devices sub-100 Hz linewidth not previously demonstrated. Lasers integrated microresonators as external cavities the potential for substantial reduction of noise. However, purity improvements these only validated...

We analyze a mode-locked regime in Kerr frequency combs generated nonlinear microresonators. Using damped driven Schrödinger equations we show that the can produce subpicosecond optical pulses when resonators are characterized with small enough anomalous group velocity dispersion. provide an analytical solution of problem for case damping.

We describe generation of stable mode-locked pulse trains from on-chip normal dispersion microresonators. The excitation hyperparametric oscillation is facilitated by the local disruptions induced mode interactions. system then driven to state with over 200 nm spectral width controlled pump power and detuning. With continuous-wave-driven nonlinearity, pulses sit on a pedestal, akin cavity soliton. identify importance detuning wavelength-dependent quality factors in stabilizing shaping...

It has been known for four decades that high finesse millimeter-scale optical cavities can produce high-performance, compact gyroscopes. Yet, a practical implementation of such device hindered by multiple technical challenges, including Rayleigh scattering and nonlinearity the cavity material. In this Letter we report on an integrated passive gyroscope using monolithic characterized 7 mm diameter, 105, backscattering less than 10 ppm. The is with quantum noise limited angle random walk...

Time crystals are periodic states exhibiting spontaneous symmetry breaking in either time-independent or periodically forced quantum many-body systems. Spontaneous modification of discrete time translation a driven physical system can create crystal (DTC). DTCs constitute state matter with properties such as temporal rigid long-range order and coherence which inherently desirable for computing information processing. Despite their appeal, experimental demonstrations scarce hence many...

We describe a new test for possible variations of the fine structure constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ by comparisons rates between clocks based on hyperfine transitions in alkali atoms with different atomic number $Z$. H-maser, Cs, and Hg ${}^{+}$ have dependence via relativistic contributions order $(Z\ensuremath{\alpha}{)}^{2}$. Recent H-maser vs ${\mathrm{Hg}}^{+}$ clock comparison data improve laboratory limits time variation 100-fold to give $\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else...

We have observed low-threshold optical hyperparametric oscillations in a high-Q fluorite whispering gallery mode resonator. The result from the resonantly enhanced four-wave mixing occurring due to Kerr nonlinearity of material. demonstrate that, because narrow bandwidth resonator modes as well high efficiency resonant frequency conversion, produce stable narrow-band beat-note pump, signal, and idler waves. A theoretical model for this process is described.

We demonstrate a miniature self-injection locked DFB laser using resonant optical feedback from high-Q crystalline whispering gallery mode resonator. The linewidth reduction factor is greater than 10,000, with resultant instantaneous less 200 Hz. minimal value of the Allan deviation for frequency stability 3x10^(-12) at integration time 20 us. possesses excellent spectral purity and good long term stability.

We theoretically study a parallel configuration of two interacting whispering-gallery-mode optical resonators and show narrowband modal structure as basis for widely tunable delay line. For the optimum coupling system can possess an unusually narrow spectral feature with much narrower bandwidth than loaded each individual resonator. The effect has direct analogy phenomenon electromagnetically induced transparency in quantum systems which interference spontaneous emission results ultranarrow...

We experimentally demonstrate a crystalline ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ optical whispering gallery mode resonator characterized by the quality factor $Q>2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$ at $\ensuremath{\lambda}=1.319\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. also report demonstration of ultrahigh-$Q$ resonators lithium niobate and tantalate $(Q>2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8})$, sapphire $(Q>{10}^{9})$. discuss fundamental limits $Q$ factor, application such...

We have designed a novel linear ion trap which permits storage of large number ions with reduced susceptibility to the second-order Doppler effect caused by rf confining fields. This new should store about 20 times as conventional no corresponding increase in shift from field. In addition sensitivity this trapping parameters, i.e., voltage, frequency, and size, is greatly reduced.

We demonstrate a simple method for efficient coupling of standard single-mode optical fibers to high-Q microsphere cavity. Phase-matched excitation whispering-gallery modes is provided by an angle-polished fiber tip in which the core-guided wave undergoes total internal reflection. In experimental setup, included with both input and output coupler, fiber-to-fiber transmission at resonance reached 23% (total insertion loss, 6.3??dB), loaded quality factor Q?3×107 unloaded Q?1.2×108 1550??nm....

We demonstrate optical frequency combs using the fluorite whispering gallery mode resonator as a nonlinear Kerr medium. Two regimes of generation are observed, giving record low repetition rate 13 GHz, equal to cavity's free spectral range (FSR) or high rates multiples cavity FSR. An intermediate regime was also observed. Raman lasing spectrum similar modulation instability in fibers observed for first time best our knowledge.

The authors describe an electro-optical oscillator capable of generating high stability optical signals at frequencies up to 70 GHz. Signals as 9.2 GHz were generated with wavelength 1310 nm using the oscillator, and a comb stable was produced by modelocking oscillator.

We present a theoretical analysis of optical parametric oscillations through four-wave mixing in nonlinear high-$Q$ whispering-gallery-mode resonator. It is shown that even small flux pump photons sufficient to reach the threshold oscillations. demonstrate due narrow bandwidth resonator modes as well high efficiency resonant frequency conversion oscillator produces stable narrow-band beat note pump, signal, and idler waves making an all-optical secondary reference feasible.