A5000067163- earthquake and tectonic studies
- Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- High-pressure geophysics and materials
- Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Geological formations and processes
- Seismic Waves and Analysis
- Geological Studies and Exploration
- Seismology and Earthquake Studies
- Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis
- Geological and Geophysical Studies
- Marine and environmental studies
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism Studies
- Geological Formations and Processes Exploration
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- Landslides and related hazards
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Geophysics and Sensor Technology
- Drilling and Well Engineering
- Geotechnical and Geomechanical Engineering
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Geological and Geophysical Studies Worldwide
University of Iceland
2016-2025
Icelandic Institute for Intelligent Machines
2022-2024
Iceland GeoSurvey
2021
University of Akureyri
2002
Landsvirkjun (Iceland)
2002
Nakanishi (Japan)
2001
Hokkaido University
2001
The best‐studied dike intrusion events on a divergent plate boundary occurred along the Krafla segment of northern rift zone in Iceland from 1975–1984. Seismic and geodetic measurements there showed that central magma chamber fed dikes propagated laterally many times thickness lithosphere. patterns length, width, caldera subsidence, lava extrusion strongly suggest propagation is affected by tectonic stresses change with each event pressures are linked to opening. These observations have...
Abstract Over a 13 day period magma propagated laterally from the subglacial Bárðarbunga volcano in northern rift zone, Iceland. It created > 30,000 earthquakes at 5–7 km depth along 48 path before erupting on 29 August 2014. The seismicity, which tracked dike propagation, advanced short bursts 0.3–4.7 km/h separated by pauses of up to 81 h. During each surge forward, seismicity behind tip dropped. Moment tensor solutions leading edge show exclusively left‐lateral strike‐slip faulting...
Abstract The crustal and tectonic structure of the Red Sea especially maximum northward extent (ultra)slow spreading centre has been debated—mainly due to a lack detailed data. Here, we use compilation earthquake vertical gravity gradient data together with high-resolution bathymetry show that ocean is occurring throughout entire basin similar in style at other mid-ocean ridges globally, only one first-order offset along axis. Off-axis traces axial volcanic highs, typical features...
Results from the Färoe‐Iceland Ridge Experiment (FIRE) constrain crustal thickness as 19 km under Northern Volcanic Zone of Iceland and 35 older Tertiary areas northeastern Iceland. The Moho is defined by strong P wave S reflections. Synthetic seismogram modeling reflection indicates mantle velocities at least 8.0 km/s beneath 7.9 neovolcanic zone. Crustal diving rays resolve structure upper lower crust. Surface are 1.1–4.0 in Quaternary rocks rather higher, 4.4–4.7 km/s, basalts that...
The seismic velocity structure of the Krafla central volcano is characterized by large variations in compressional velocity. A 40 km wide high‐velocity dome extends from lower crust (11–14 depth) beneath narrowing upward. magma chamber sits at its top near 3 depth. It defined both 0.2–0.3 s wave delays and shear shadowing to be 2–3 N‐S, 8–10 E‐W, 0.7–1.8 thick. near‐surface (uppermost 2.5 km) caldera approximately flat‐lying, with only minor lateral heterogeneities. has low attenuation...
Abstract Few divergent plate boundaries are subaerial. Active rifts in Iceland provide valuable surface information on spreading processes, rifting and faulting. The 200 km long 50 wide Northern Volcanic Rift Zone (NVZ) is composed of 7 volcanic systems, each consisting a central volcano with transecting fissure swarm. Fractures postglacial eruptive fissures the NVZ were analysed using aerial photographs satellite images to study their characteristics behaviour. While non-eruptive fractures...
Results from the Reykjanes‐Iceland Seismic Experiment (RISE) show that thickness of zero‐age crust decreases 21 km in southwest Iceland to 11 at 62°40′N on Reykjanes Ridge. This implies a decrease mantle potential temperature ∼130°C, with increasing distance center plume, along this 250 transect plate boundary. The thins off‐axis 63°N, 12.7 thick 0 Ma 9.8 5 Ma, most likely due ∼40°C change asthenospheric between these times. provides evidence for passage pulse hotter material beneath present...
Results of a 2-D, seismic undershooting experiment on the Katla central volcano in south Iceland are reported. Large localized traveltime anomalies (0.4s) observed an array within caldera. The traveltimes forward modelled using wavefront tracker developed Appendix A. Thus, non-linear effects encountered tomography avoided as well common problems with ray tracing presence strong lateral heterogeneity. extreme variation compressional velocity is required to extend over significant volume order...
Detailed observations of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruptions in Iceland show seismic activity propagating vertically through entire crust during a ten‐week period volcanic unrest comprising multiple eruption episodes. Systematic changes magma chemistry suggest complex magmatic plumbing system, tapping several accumulation zones at different depths containing differing ages and compositions. During eruption, systematic downward propagation seismicity into upper mantle to ∼30 km depth occurred...
We have mapped microearthquakes caused by magma migration preceding and during the flank summit eruptions in March–May 2010 of Eyjafjallajökull stratovolcano Iceland using a Coalescence Microseismic Mapping technique. Spatial temporal clustering >5,000 under eastern volcano illuminates several northeast–southwest striking sub‐vertical dikes at 2–6 km b.s.l., emplaced before Fimmvörðuháls eruption March. This intense precursory seismicity had lateral extent ∼6 east‐west ∼3 north‐south. A...
Abstract The Krafla rifting episode in 1975–1984, consisted of around 20 inflation‐deflation events within the caldera, where magma accumulated during inflation periods and was intruded into transecting fissure swarm brief deflation. We reanalyze geodetic seismic data from perform a time‐dependent inversion leveling time series for spherical point source an elastic half‐space. Using volume change as proxy stress shows that seismicity rate remains low until maximum previous cycles is exceeded...
Abstract We present a revised tectonostratigraphy of the Jan Mayen microcontinent (JMMC) and its southern extent, with focus on relationship to Greenland–Iceland–Faroe Ridge area Faroe–Iceland Fracture Zone. The microcontinent's Cenozoic evolution consists six main phases corresponding regional stratigraphic unconformities. Emplacement Early Eocene plateau basalts at pre-break-up time (56–55 Ma), preceded continental break-up (55 Ma) formation seawards-dipping reflectors (SDRs) along eastern...
Abstract Over 2 weeks in August 2014, magma propagated 48 km laterally from Bárðarbunga volcano before erupting at Holuhraun for 6 months, accompanied by collapse of the caldera. A dense seismic network recorded over 47,000 earthquakes before, during, and after rifting event. More than 30,000 delineate segmented dike intrusion. Earthquake source mechanisms show exclusively strike‐slip faulting, occurring near base along preexisting weaknesses aligned with rift fabric, while widened largely...
A volcanic eruption beneath the Vatnajökull ice cap in central Iceland (Figure 1) began on September 30,1996, along a 7‐km‐long fissure between volcanoes Bárdarbunga and Grímsvötn. The continued for 13 days produced ˜0.5 km 3 of basaltic andesite. Meltwater from site flowed into caldera lake Grímsvötn volcano, where it accumulated floating shelf. lake's dam was lifted off glacier bed November 4, next two more than water drained out flushed down to south coast's alluvial plain, causing...
Abstract We studied the seismic velocity structure beneath Krafla central volcano, NE Iceland, by performing 3‐D tomographic inversions of 1453 earthquakes recorded a temporary local network between 2009 and 2012. The seismicity is concentrated primarily around Leirhnjúkur geothermal field near center caldera. To obtain robust models, we incorporated active data from previous surveys. volcano has relatively complex with higher P wave velocities ( V p ) underneath regions topographic relief...
The 2014–15 Bárðarbunga–Holuhraun rifting event comprised the best-monitored dyke intrusion to date and largest eruption in Iceland 230 years. A huge variety of seismicity was produced, including over 30,000 volcano-tectonic earthquakes (VTs) associated with propagation at ∼6 km depth below sea level, large-magnitude accompanying collapse Bárðarbunga caldera. We here study long-period event. systematically detect locate both events (LPs) tremor during phase first week eruption. identify...
Abstract. A comprehensive catalogue of historical earthquakes, with accurate epicentres and harmonised magnitudes is a crucial resource for seismic hazard mapping. Here we update combine catalogues from several sources to compile earthquakes in near Iceland, the years 1900–2019. In particular are based on local information, whereas teleseismic observations, primarily international online catalogues. The most reliable epicentre information comes Icelandic Meteorological Office, but this...
Abstract We use a dense seismic network on the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, to image group of earthquakes at 10–12 km depth, 2 north-east 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption site. These deep have lower frequency content compared located in upper, brittle crust and are similar long period (DLP) seismicity observed other volcanoes Iceland around world. several swarms DLP between start study (June 2020) initiation 3-week-long dyke intrusion that preceded March 2021. During eruption, earthquake...
A half century of monitoring the Northern Volcanic Zone Iceland, a branch North America—Eurasia plate boundary, shows that seismicity is very unevenly distributed, both in time and space. The four central volcanoes at Þeistareykir, Krafla, Fremrinámar, Askja, show persistent but low-level seismicity, spatially coinciding with their high-temperature geothermal systems. On rift structures, on other hand, almost absent, except during rifting episodes. Krafla went through episode 1975–1984...
Abstract Seismic data from the B96 array in northern Iceland are used to constrain compressional and shear velocity structure of crust uppermost mantle Iceland, at western flank volcanic zone (NVZ) (the mid-Atlantic plate boundary Iceland). Travel times P S waves shots microearthquakes north south used. Two dome structures, with velocities 6% faster than average, detected depths down 7 km. They may be fossil roots extinct central volcanoes. P, S, PmP, SmS wave travel indicate that...