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Determining the gypsum content in soil is lengthy and cumbersome using methods based on SO 4 determination. Moreover, as these do not strictly titrate gypsum, inaccuracies can be produced by presence of sulfate minerals other than gypsum. The thermogravimetric properties however, allow determination its a rapid easy way sufficiently accurate for many pedologic purposes. Our objective was to expand lower limit detection make test useful classification management. We have refined differential...

The familiarity of mankind with gypsum and its simple composition are in contrast the frequent mistakes reported for behavior role nature. Gypsum has been studied as a raw material, rock constituent, an indicator geological archaeological conditions, from other points view. However, Earth surface processes, relationship to life through calcium equilibrium carbonates structural water molecules, seems overlooked. Moreover, errors formulation, analysis, obscure some roles within semi‐solubility...

Soil scientists have long struggled with an effective method for quantifying gypsum content in soils. Several methods exist, but each is fraught problems. Recent enhancements to portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometers provided better detection limits especially lighter elements such as S, a key component of gypsum. Thus, this research aimed test the effectiveness PXRF means directly A total 102 soil samples containing wide variety (∼2–95%) were subjected both traditional laboratory...

Summary Arid soil is common worldwide and has unique properties that often limit agronomic productivity, specifically, salinity expressed as soluble salts large amounts of calcium carbonate gypsum. Currently, the most methods for evaluating these in are laboratory‐based techniques such titration, gasometry electrical conductivity. In this research, we used two proximal sensors (portable X ‐ray fluorescence ( PXRF ) visible near‐infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy V is– NIR DRS )) to...

Abstract Electromagnetic induction surveys are often used in practice to estimate field‐scale soil salinity patterns, and infer changing conditions with time. We developed a statistical monitoring strategy that uses electromagnetic data repetitive sampling measure conditions. This approach requires (i) the estimation of conditional regression model is capable predicting from (EM) survey data, (ii) acquisition new samples at two or more previously established sites, so formal tests can be...

Abstract In order to understand wild boar's diet during the cold season and its alternatives mast in a southern European mountain range, 234 boar stomachs we collected autumn winter three consecutive hunting seasons. The study was undertaken several valleys of southwestern Pyrenees, third which forest. Results indicated that mainly consisted plant matter from aerial parts different forest plants. most important items terms abundance frequency appearance were beechnuts Fagus sylvatica, acorns...

Depressions in semiarid regions with a gypsiferous geological substrate commonly contain highly sediments, gypsum that formed either as synsedimentary precipitate during perennial or ephemeral lake stages diagenetic saline mudflat stages. The dry to basins of the Monegros region northern Spain are depressions this type and provide unique opportunity examine whether how conditions formation reflected by crystal morphology, yielding information can contribute correct interpretation...

Abstract The introduction of non‐native species can pose environmental and economic risks, but under some conditions, introductions serve conservation or recreational objectives. To minimize should be conducted following the I nternational U nion for C onservation N ature's guidelines include an initial assessment a follow‐up. In 1948, to reduce predation pressure on P yrenean chamois R upicapra pyrenaica by golden eagles A quila chrysaetos , alpine marmot M armota marmota was introduced...

Abstract Benthic diatoms play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems as indicators of environmental conditions and contributors to primary productivity. This study explores the ecology benthic diatom assemblages saline wetlands NE Spain, focusing on relationships between community parameters, species distributions, factors, particularly conductivity. Samples were collected from several representing range conductivity trophic state. A total 25 taxa identified, with dominated by halophilous...

Abstract There are not many studies of hypergypsic soils and terminology describing these continues to develop. Hypergypsic is here applied having gypsum as a major component, often more than 50%, whereas the term gypsiferous used for with any amount gypsum. The described developed from gyprock, under semiarid climate (xeric soil moisture regime). Water tables below possible capillary rise surface do contain salts soluble Micromorphology geomorphic positions were describe relate weathering...

Electromagnetic induction (EM) is a useful means of assessing soil salinity in large areas, particularly after its calibration on different soils. was used to monitor spatial and temporal changes within the saline irrigation district Flumen, Spain. Soil patterns this region are entangled because intensive land leveling irrigation. This paper presents EM calibrations for two parcels. The apparent electrical conductivity, measured with EM, compared conductivity extracts both at saturation...

The use of field portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry as a quantification tool for gypsum content in soils West Texas and southern New Mexico, USA, was evaluated. Six sites were evaluated with contents ranging from less than 10% to greater 90%. Samples collected each site scanned the using XRF then transported laboratory additional scanning. Variables that might affect scanning results, such time, particle size, moisture content, so on, Both (CaSO4 • 2H2O) calcite (CaCO3)...

Abstract. Diagnosis of soil salinity and its spatial variability is required to establish control measures in irrigated agriculture. This article shows the usefulness electromagnetic (EM) sampling techniques map salinity. We analysed a 1‐ha plot surface‐irrigated olive plantation Aragon, NE Spain, by measuring electrical conductivity saturation extract (EC e ) samples taken at 22 points, reading Geonics EM38 sensor 141 points horizontal (EM H vertical V dipole positions. EM values had...

Many land use decisions are made without the aid of soil maps in countries National surveys. The purpose this research was to create a survey delineating salinity phases at regional scale that could serve as basis for improved decision making, or highlight areas further investigation. Soil remains challenge. We demonstrate methodology suited small fields, often found Europe and developing countries, present streamlined making typically labor‐intensive process more efficient. A conducted 1:25...