Background and Purpose— Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, learning memory, neuroplasticity. Further, exogenous treatment with BDNF or exposing animals to enrichment exercise regimens, which also increase BDNF, enhances behavioral recovery after brain injury. Thus, the beneficial effects of rehabilitation promoting stroke may depend on BDNF. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating contribution motor skill relearning...

Many therapies have shown promise in preclinical stroke studies, but few benefit patients. A greater understanding of pathophysiology is needed to successfully develop therapies, and this depends on appropriate animal models. The collagenase blood infusion models intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are widely used; yet, investigators often prefer using one model for a variety reasons. Thus, we directly compared these highlight advantages limitations each as well the assessment approach. An ICH...

Background. Enriched rehabilitation (ER; environmental enrichment plus skilled reaching) improves recovery after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rats. Fundamental issues such as whether ER is effective other models, optimal intensity, and underlying mechanisms have not been fully assessed. Objective. The authors tested the efficacy of varies with ischemia model assessed importance intensity brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) recovery. Methods. Rats experiment 1 received 8...

Successful clinical translation of prospective cytoprotectants will likely occur only with treatments that improve functional recovery in preclinical (rodent) studies. Despite this assumption, many rely solely on histopathologic end points or the use one two simple behavioral tests. Presently, we used a battery tests to gauge after unilateral intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH) targeting striatum. In total, 60 rats (N = 15 per group) were stereotaxically infused 0 (SHAM), 0.06 (MILD...

Background and Purpose— Late hypothermia (HYPO) reduces injury after collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), whereas early HYPO does not because it exacerbates the protracted bleeding that occurs in this model. We hypothesized would increase whole blood infusion thus expected to improve outcome through reducing secondary consequences of ICH (eg, inflammation). Methods— Autologous (100 μL) was infused into striatum. Rats were maintained at normothermia or subjected mild (33°C...

Prolonged hypothermia reduces ischemic brain injury, but its efficacy after intracerebral hemorrhagic (ICH) stroke is unresolved. Rats were implanted with core temperature telemetry probes and subsequently subjected to an ICH, which was produced by infusing bacterial collagenase into the striatum. Animals kept normothermic (NORMO), or made mildly hypothermic (33-35 degrees C) for over 2 days starting 1 hour (HYP-1), 6 hours (HYP-6), 12 (HYP-12) infusion. Others cooled 7 beginning infusion...

Stroke and traumatic brain injuries often lead to cerebral edema persistent elevations in intracranial pressure (ICP) that can be life threatening. Thus, rodent models would benefit from a simple reliable method measure ICP awake, mobile animals. Up now most techniques have been limited anesthetized or immobile animals, which is not practical for following the prolonged follow stroke injury. With an initial set of data, we describe uses blood telemetry sensors, are commercially available...

The incidence of infection among stroke patients is alarmingly high and both acute delayed infections increase morbidity mortality. Experimental studies support the clinical data, but little attention has focused on systemic infections. Here, we investigated effects prolonged inflammation either before or 24-h after ischemia. Systemic was induced by injecting rats with three separate doses lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 μg/kg, i.p.) core temperature monitoring for 48-h middle cerebral artery...

Background. Rehabilitation improves recovery after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) caused by collagenase infusion into the striatum of rats promoting dendritic growth and reducing brain injury in this model. Objective. Effective preclinical testing requires multiple models because none, including model, perfectly mimics human ICH. Thus, authors assessed enhanced rehabilitation (ER), a combination environmental enrichment task-specific motor training, on skilled reaching, lesion size,...

Social precursors to symbolic understanding of pictures were examined with 100 infants ages 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months. Adults demonstrated 1 2 stances toward objects (contemplative or manipulative), then gave items for exploration. For pictures, older (12, months) emulated the adult's actions following both types demonstration trials. objects, did not emulate either stance at any age. The findings suggest that enlist their imitative learning skills in context conventions action on...

Background. After hemiplegic stroke, people often rely on their unaffected limb to complete activities of daily living. A component residual motor dysfunction involves learned suppression movement, termed nonuse. Objective. To date, no rodent stroke model persistent nonuse has been described that can facilitate understanding this phenomenon and test interventions overcome it. Methods. Rats were trained in the staircase skilled-reaching use asymmetry (cylinder) tasks. Endothelin-1 was...

Hypothermia is an effective neuroprotectant for cardiac arrest and perinatal ischemic injury. also improves outcome after traumatic brain injury stroke. Although the ideal treatment parameters (duration, delay, depth) are not fully delineated, prolonged cooling usually more than shorter periods. There concern that extended may be hazardous to plasticity cause damage. In order evaluate this possibility, we assessed effects of 3 days systemic hypothermia (32°C) in rats subjected a sham stroke...

Hyperthermia worsens outcome in clinical and experimental studies of ischemic stroke. Thus, we tested whether hyperthermia aggravates intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) rats. A striatal was produced via an infusion bacterial collagenase. In a preliminary experiment, compared brain core temperatures (via telemetry) during heating (infrared lamp). The temperature rise exceeded that by enforced hyperthermia, which used subsequently. these experiments up to three conditions (versus normothermia)...

Purpose: Stroke survivors living in rural and remote communities experience challenges accessing specialized rehabilitation services. Access to balance assessment after stroke is an essential aspect of the physiotherapy assessment. Telerehabilitation (TRH) can eliminate access disparities; however, adoption into practice has been limited. Our primary objective was examine agreement between Berg Balance Scale (BBS) scores obtained through TRH those traditional in-person community-dwelling...