Given that Parkinson's disease broadly affects frontostriatal circuitry, it is not surprising the disorder associated with a reduction of working memory. We tested whether this due to diminished storage capacity or impaired ability exclude task-irrelevant items. Twenty-one medication-withdrawn patients and 28 age-matched control subjects performed visuospatial memory task while their electroencephalograms were recorded. The required them remember orientations red rectangles within half...

OBJECTIVE In pregnancy, important changes occur in the body weight of mother, caused by sodium and water retention an increase fat tissue, but mechanisms that regulate maternal foetal mass are poorly understood. Leptin is a hormone produced adipocytes order to food intake energy expenditure at hypothalamic level man. verify whether leptin participates composition during pregnancy postpartum, 630 healthy women were studied specific time periods auxological parameters determined. DESIGN A...

The effects on performance of unattended stimulus–response spatial relationships in choice reaction time tasks (i.e., the Simon effect) have been attributed to automatic activation response ipsilateral stimulus location. We tested this assumption using lateralized readiness potential (LRP). key labels changed randomly from trial and were presented either 400 ms before (immediate‐reaction trials) or after (delayed‐reaction stimulus. critical test for hypothesis was delayed‐reaction trials,...

Abstract When an intense but task-irrelevant “accessory” stimulus accompanies the imperative in a choice reaction task, times (RTs) are facilitated. In similar previous study (Hackley & Valle-Inclán, 1998), we showed that this effect is not due to reduction of interval from onset lateralized readiness potential (LRP) until movement onset. present study, RT task was modified move portion response selection stage into time interval. The remained invariant, indicating late phase process...

Abstract One of the goals neuroscience research on reward system is to fractionate its functions into meaningful subcomponents. To this end, present study examined emotional modulation eyeblink and postauricular components startle in 60 young adults during anticipation viewing food images. Appetitive disgusting photos served as rewards punishments a guessing game. Reflexes evoked were not influenced by valence, consistent with prevailing view that indexes hedonic impact (liking) rather than...

Abstract The results of administering the Harvard Group Scale Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A) Shor and E. Orne (1962) to a Spanish sample are on whole consistent with those obtained in other normative studies, especially Bongartz's work German sample, they confirm HGSHS:A's usefulness non-Anglophone countries. reliability validity remain within limits reported for locales, but there certain discrepancies respect difficulty two HGSHS:A items.

Because expectancies play a central role in current theories of dopaminergic neuron function, it is important to develop measures reward anticipation processes. In the present study, reflexogenic bursts white noise were presented 39 healthy young adults as they awaited rewards and punishments gambling-like task. The small pieces chocolate; punishments, segments bitter-tasting banana peel. Consistent with prior research on affective valence, postauricular reflexes larger than whereas reverse...

VISUAL evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded to probes presented the dominant and suppressed eyes in a binocular rivalry paradigm. Probes eye interrupted current dominance phase produced P300-like deflection (400–700 ms). delivered increased duration of phase. VEPs these included an endogenous component that overlapped early exogenous components. The (rivalry-related potential, RRP) started as 70 ms had broad centroparieto-occipital distribution.

The postauricular reflex (PAR) is anomalous because it seems to be potentiated during positive emotions and inhibited negative states, unlike eyeblink other components of the startle reflex. Two evolutionary explanations based on simian facial emotion expressions were tested. Reflexes elicited while 47 young adult volunteers made lip pursing or grimacing poses viewed neutral, intimidating, appetitive photos. PAR was enhanced slides, but only as subjects carried out lip-pursing maneuver....

If the postauricular reflex (PAR) is to be used effectively in studies of emotion and attention, its sensitivity basic modulatory effects such as prepulse inhibition facilitation must determined. Two experiments were carried out with healthy young adults assess transient sustained visual prestimuli on pinna-flexion response trains startle probes. In first experiment, participants passively viewed a small white square. It was displayed from 1,000 ms prior onset train noise bursts until end...

Abstract According to reinforcement learning theory, dopamine‐dependent anticipatory processes play a critical role in from action outcomes such as feedback or reward. To better understand outcome anticipation, we examined variation slow cortical potentials and assessed their changes over the course of motor‐skill acquisition. Healthy young adults learned series precisely timed, key press sequences. Feedback was delivered at delay either 2.5 8 s, encourage use striatally mediated, habit...

To determine the prevalence of pregnancy and postpartum thyroid dysfunction in Spanish population, 691 women divided into six cohorts were studied. Biochemical hypothyroidism was observed 9.4%, 4.4%, 1.9%, 4.6% 4.8% at first trimester pregnancy, delivery second, fourth sixth to twelfth months, respectively. hyperthyroidism 6.7%, 0.8%, 2.4% same subjects. Thyroiditis 4%, 0%, 0.6%, 6.2% 7.3% No depression or psychological alterations detected either period. Our data suggest that if screening...