Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) have a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and neurological impairments, including structural brain damage. Despite the importance white matter connections for proper function, little is known about how these connections, deep gray structures that act as relay stations, are affected in children FASD. The purpose this study was to use diffusion tensor imaging, an advanced magnetic resonance imaging technique, examine microstructural...

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of brain development in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) has revealed structural abnormalities, but studies have been limited by the use cross-sectional designs. Longitudinal scans can provide key insights into trajectories neurodevelopment within individuals with this common developmental disorder. Here we evaluate serial DTI and T1-weighted volumetric MRI a human sample 17 participants FASD 27 controls aged 5–15 years who underwent 2–3 each, ∼2–4 apart...

The link between the numerous cognitive, motor, and behavioral difficulties of individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) underlying specific structural brain injuries can be investigated using high-resolution imaging. Differential sensitivity brain's "relay" stations, namely deep gray matter structures, may play a key factor given their multifaceted role in function. purpose our study was to analyze differences volumes children adolescents FASD relative age/sex-matched...

Head circumference is used together with other measures as a proxy for central nervous system damage in the diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, yet relationship between head and brain volume has not been investigated this population. The objective study to characterize circumference, cognitive performance large sample children prenatal exposure (n = 144) healthy controls 145), aged 5–19 years. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging yield volumes normalized control...

Background: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is the umbrella term that describes range of adverse developmental outcomes may occur in offspring mothers who drink during pregnancy. FASD associated with several comorbidities including epilepsy. The objective study was to evaluate prevalence epilepsy or a history seizures subjects and contribution relevant risk factors. Methods: A retrospective chart review conducted on all active charts ( N = 1063) at two clinics. After exclusion without...

Background: Children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) often demonstrate a variety of cognitive deficits, but mathematical ability seems to be particularly affected by prenatal exposure. Parietal brain regions have been implicated in both functional and structural studies healthy individuals, little is known about the structure underlying deficits children FASD. The goal this study was use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) investigate relationship between skill white matter Methods:...

Stigma can influence the prevention and identification of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a leading cause developmental delay in North America. Understanding effects public health practices policies on stigma is imperative. We reviewed social science biomedical literatures to understand nature FASD its relevance from an ethics standpoint matters (e.g., diagnostic practices, awareness campaigns). propose (i) descriptive model note current knowledge gaps; (ii) discuss ethical...

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one of the most common preventable causes developmental disability, and currently pressing public health concerns in Canada. FASD refers to range physical, mental, behavioural learning disabilities that an individual may acquire as a result maternal consumption. In present paper, history diagnostic approach alcohol-related disorders over past 35 years reviewed. Research supporting importance early diagnosis for long-term outcomes management...

Growth characteristics of 15 full-term infants, selected because weights more than 2 SD below the mean for gestational age, are described. The response to an intravenous injection glucose was utilized measure insulin infants at 6 months. Infants small age grow a faster rate appropriate-for-age during first six months life. There positive correlation between growth velocity period and release negative birth length. no these variables increases in weight same period. catch-up is related degree...

We examined the pattern of neuropsychological impairments children with FASD (compared to controls) on NEPSY-II measures attention and executive functioning, language, memory, visuospatial processing, social perception.Participants included 32 30 typically developing control children, ranging in age from 6 16 years. Children were tested following subtests NEPSY-II: Attention Executive Functioning (animal sorting, auditory attention/response set, inhibition), Language (comprehension...

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revealed abnormalities in brain volumes, cortical thickness and white matter microstructure fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD); however, no study reported all three measures within the same cohort to assess relative magnitude of deficits, few studies have examined sex differences. Participants with FASD (n = 70; 30 females; 5–32 years) healthy controls 74; 35 underwent cognitive testing MRI thickness, regional volumes fractional...

Abstract Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with reduced overall brain volume. Although this has been reported consistently across studies, the status of cortical thickness after PAE more variable. The cortex asymmetric in typical controls, but it unclear whether left and right counter parts gray matter are unevenly influenced postpartum development PAE. Brain MRI was acquired a newly recruited sample 157 participants (PAE: N = 78, 5.5–18.9 years, 40 females controls: 79, 5.8–18.5...

Individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) experience a range of cognitive, affective, and physical deficits following prenatal exposure. They are thought to be overrepresented in criminal justice settings. However, limited evidence is available inform prevalence. We sought estimate the prevalence FASD Northern Canadian correctional population. Using an active case ascertainment approach we recruited representative sample 80 justice-involved adults (ages 18–40, 85% male) over...

Background The goal of this study was to examine social skills deficits among children with and without prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) who were both referred a respite programme. Methods Thirty-seven PAE 23 non-exposed (aged 3 8 years) evaluated on the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) by their caregivers workers. Results As compared children, those showed more caregiver ratings responsibility, hyperactivity, internalizing problems overall skills, as well worker hyperactivity. group not...

Abstract Brain imaging studies suggest that cortical thickness decreases during childhood and adolescence, in concert with underlying structural synaptic changes required for cognitive maturation regional specialization of function. Abnormalities this protracted developmental process may provide key insights into the behavioral deficits emerge individuals fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Several have demonstrated differences children adolescents who were prenatally exposed to...