Summary Somatostatin analogues are commercially available and used for the management of acromegaly neuroendocrine tumours, but expression receptors as a target in thyroid disease has not been explored. To assess somatostatin ( SST ) receptor SSTR 1‐5) both normal disorders, potential analogue therapy, 67 tissue specimens were reviewed: 12 differentiated carcinomas, 14 follicular adenomas, 17 multinodular goitres, Graves disease, 10 Hashimotos thyroiditis five thyroids. Tissue was...

Deep learning models for medical image classification tasks are becoming widely implemented in AI-assisted diagnostic tools, aiming to enhance accuracy, reduce clinician workloads, and improve patient outcomes. However, their vulnerability adversarial attacks poses significant risks safety. Current attack methodologies use general techniques such as model querying or pixel value perturbations generate examples designed fool a model. These approaches may not adequately address the unique...

To assess whether the use of ice-lollies after tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy in children aged 2-12 reduces pain immediate postoperative period.A prospective, randomised, single-blinded study design consisting two groups an intention to treat analysis.Tertiary referral centre.Children undergoing adenoidectomy.Pain assessment by nursing staff form validated modified Children's Hospital Eastern Ontario Pain Scale at 15, 30 and 60 min 4 h.Ninety-two patients were recruited into 46...

To evaluate the quality of out-of-hours ENT on-call cover by junior doctors, in view European Working Time Directive and recent changes National Health Service workforce due to 'Modernising Medical Careers' initiative, England.We performed a national survey first-on-call doctors for ENT, using telephone questionnaire. Hospital contact details were sourced from website. The inclusion criterion was hospitals providing acute facilities overnight England.One hundred nineteen contacted; 91...

Prospective review of the assessment and outcomes children with complex needs receiving cochlear implants (CIs) at Yorkshire Cochlear Implant Service (YCIS).Nineteen were assessed pre-implant 12 months post-implant switch-on using appropriate developmental-related audiology, categories auditory performance (CAP), meaningful information scale (MAIS), listening progress score (LiP), use speech (MUSS). Outcomes compared 230 YCIS without needs.Average CAP scores improved from 0.4 to 3.0, 4.2 in...

detected; serum complement concentrations, DNA binding, and urate concentration were within the normal range; a test for hepatitis B surface antigen was negative.Radiography of hands, neck, sacroiliac joints showed no abnormality.Tissue type HLA-B27.He treated with indomethacin'50 mg twice daily.One week later Silastic peritoneal catheter (Tenckhoff) replaced.Three'weeks he had an upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage from acute duodenal ulcer.This did not respond to conservative treatment,...

Parathyroid cysts (PC) are an unusual cause of neck swellings. The majority nonfunctioning and prove to be a diagnostic challenge given their nonspecific physical radiological characteristics. This is compounded by rare occurrence, leading them overlooked in the differential diagnosis lumps. Imaging techniques fail determine origin these lesions, but preoperative can achieved fine-needle aspiration measurement cystic fluid C-terminal parathyroid hormone levels. Treatment remains...

The Stereotype Content model (SCM) states that we tend to perceive minority groups as cold, incompetent or both. In this paper adapt existing work demonstrate the holds for contextualised word embeddings, then use these results evaluate a fine-tuning process designed drive language away from stereotyped portrayals of groups. We find SCM terms are better able capture bias than demographic agnostic related pleasantness. Further, were reduce presence stereotypes in through simple procedure...

The rapidly advancing field of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) aims to tackle the issue trust regarding use complex black-box deep learning models in real-world applications. Existing post-hoc XAI techniques have recently been shown poor performance on medical data, producing unreliable explanations which are infeasible for clinical use. To address this, we propose an ante-hoc approach based concept bottleneck introduces first time concepts into classification pipeline, allowing...

Explanations for AI are a crucial part of autonomous systems: they increase user's confidence, provide an interpretation otherwise black-box system, and can serve as interface between the user system. to become mandatory all systems influencing people (see, example, upcoming EU Act). While so far explanations image classifiers focused on explaining images objects, such ImageNet, there is important area application them, namely, healthcare. In this paper we focus particular healthcare: use...

To investigate reasons for prolonged hospitalisation of children with tracheostomies once they are medically fit discharge.Retrospective, cross-sectional study 101 undergoing tracheostomy between 2000 and 2010.Of the patients, 44.6 per cent did not spend any time in hospital fit, 19.8 spent up to two weeks, 12.9 weeks one month, 22.8 over month. Of 56 cases delayed discharge, majority (22 children, 39.3 cent) were due taken obtaining parental competencies management. A number external...

The Stereotype Content model (SCM) states that we tend to perceive minority groups as cold, incompetent or both. In this paper adapt existing work demonstrate the holds for contextualised word embeddings, then use these results evaluate a fine-tuning process designed drive language away from stereotyped portrayals of groups. We find SCM terms are better able capture bias than demographic agnostic related pleasantness. Further, were reduce presence stereotypes in through simple procedure...

Most parathyroid tumours are benign causing primary hyperparathyroidism. The number of patients diagnosed has risen significantly with routine biochemical testing. This review discusses the management these and other tumours.