A variety of methods are available to estimate values meteorological variables at future times and spatial scales that appropriate for local climate change impact assessment. One commonly used method is Change Factor Methodology (CFM), sometimes referred as delta factor methodology. Although more sophisticated exist, CFM still widely applicable in analysis studies. While there a number different ways by which factors (CFs) can be calculated scenarios, no clear guidelines the literature...

Land is a natural resource that humans have utilized for life and various activities. use/land cover change (LULCC) has been of great concern to many countries over the years. Some main reasons behind LULCC are rapid population growth, migration, conversion rural urban areas. LULC considerable impact on land-atmosphere/climate interactions. Over past two decades, numerous studies conducted in investigated areas field LULC. However, assemblage information missing some aspects. Therefore,...

This paper presents a methodology to downscale monthly precipitation river basin scale in Indian context for special report of emission scenarios (SRES) using Support Vector Machine (SVM). In the presented, probable predictor variables are extracted from (1) National Center Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis data set period 1971–2000 and (2) simulations third generation Canadian general circulation model (CGCM3) SRES A1B, A2, B1 COMMIT 1971–2100. These include both thermodynamic...

Abstract In this paper, downscaling models are developed using a support vector machine (SVM) for obtaining projections of monthly mean maximum and minimum temperatures ( T max min ) to river‐basin scale. The effectiveness the model is demonstrated through application downscale predictands catchment Malaprabha reservoir in India, which considered be climatically sensitive region. probable predictor variables extracted from (1) National Centers Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis...

Water is an essential natural resource. Among many stressors, altered climate exerting pressure on water resource systems, increasing its demand and creating a need for vulnerability assessments. The overall objective of this study was to develop novel tool that can translate theoretical concept (vulnerability resources (VWR)) operational framework mainly under temperature precipitation, as well population change (smaller extent). developed had three stages utilized systems thinking...

Abstract In recent decades, demand for freshwater resources has increased the risk of severe water stress. With growing prevalence artificial intelligence (AI), many researchers have turned to it as an alternative linear methods assess consumption (WC). Using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework, this study utilized 229 screened publications identified through database searches snowball sampling. This introduces novel aspects AI's role in...

Abstract Snow is an important component of the water resources New York State and watersheds reservoirs City (NYC) supply. In many NYC supply hydrologic regimes high‐elevation headwaters are linked to streamflow channel processes in low‐elevation stream reaches that serve as inputs reservoirs. To better simulate this linkage there a need understand spatial variations snowpack snowmelt. Snowmelt hydrology Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model where spring runoff strongly affected by melting...

Frost indices such as number of frost days (nFDs), frost-free (nFFDs), last spring freeze (LSF), first fall (FFF), and growing-season length (GSL) were calculated using daily minimum air temperature (Tmin) from 23 centennial weather stations across Kansas during four time periods (through 1919, 1920–1949, 1950–1979, 1980–2009). A day is defined a with Tmin < 0 °C. The long- short-term trends in analyzed at monthly, seasonal, annual timescales. Probability occurrence the was 5 %, 25 50 75 95...

Future climate scenarios projected by three different General Circulation Models and a delta-change methodology are used as input to the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions – Variable Source Area (GWLF-VSA) watershed model simulate future inflows reservoirs that part of New York City water supply system (NYCWSS). These in turn NYC OASIS designed operations for NYCWSS. In this study demands operation rules assumed stationary variability is based on historical data which change factors...

Abstract Recent works have indicated that climate change in the northeastern United States is already being observed form of shorter winters, higher annual average air temperature, and more frequent extreme heat precipitation events. These changes could profound effects on aquatic ecosystems, implications such are less understood. The objective this study was to examine how future temperature translate into streamflow using a physically based semidistributed model, subsequently potentially...

ABSTRACT Precipitation directly impacts agricultural production, water resources management, and recreational activities, all of which significantly affect a state's economy. As the human population increases, demand for escalates due to its crucial role in health food production. The question then becomes, can current management strategies ensure sustainable access clean water, maintain supplies, permit industrial uses given changing climate? Developing solid understanding rainfall patterns...

Food is the essential foundation for sustainable and healthy communities. Increasing population urbanization, limited resources, complexities of interactions necessitate a comprehensive in-depth understanding dynamics global trend urbanization. The key objective this paper to characterize new environmental, social economic perspectives practices that are responsive rapidly urbanizing agricultural food system. We used sustainability paradigm in context social, outline three transitioning...

The agricultural community has a challenge of increasing food production by more than 70% to meet demand from the global population increase mid-21st century. Sustainable involves sustained availability resources, such as water and energy, agriculture. key challenges sustainable are increase, demands for food, climate change, variability, decreasing per capita land resources. To discuss details on (a) (b) mitigation options available, special issue “Water Management Food Production” was...

ABSTRACT Extended periods with excessive or no rainfall high low temperatures have important implications on the water cycle, can stress ecosystems and be detrimental to economy of a region. These are generally studied using spell length indicators duration indices ( SDIs ). Fourteen calculated study changes in wet/dry/warm/cold spells daily precipitation maximum minimum air temperature from 23 centennial weather stations spread across Kansas during four time (through 1920, 1921–1950,...

This paper aims to conceptualize the dimensions of food access enhance urban system sustainability by analyzing cause-effect interactions between five and environment using spider web diagrams illustrate their interrelationships in terms community perception objectivity. Various studies have conceptualized as a construct dimensions. new expanded view supports both objective perceived aspects values knowledge residents through community-based participatory research, thereby providing more...

Abstract Snowfall is an important part of the yearly water balance for Catskill Mountains in New York State, location supply reservoirs City. Recent studies have shown that effects climate change on hydrology Catskills will most likely create (1) a decrease proportion precipitation falling as snow, (2) shift timing snowmelt cause snowmelt‐supplemented streamflow events to occur earlier fall and winter, (3) magnitude traditionally high April streamflow. The snowmelt‐influenced measured by...

Abstract This study focuses on the effect of projected changes in rainfall, snow accumulation and snowmelt, consequent timing runoff NYC water supply system storage operation as simulated by reservoir Operational Analysis Simulation Integrated Systems (OASIS) model. The Generalized Watershed Loading Functions—Variable Source Area (GWLF‐VSA)—watershed model is used with future climate scenarios derived from different General Circulation Models (GCMs) to simulate inflows reservoirs that are...

Abstract Changes in frost indices the New York's Catskill Mountains region, location of water supply reservoirs for York City, have potentially important implications. Frost day is defined as a with T min &lt; 0 °C. The objective this study was to investigate past and predicted changes minimum temperature (T ) six covering reservoir watersheds. Studied included (1) number days, (2) months frost, (3) last spring freeze date (LSF), (4) first fall (FFF), (5) growing season length (GSL), (6)...

The ability of Coupled General Circulation Models (CGCMs) participating in the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change's fourth assessment report (IPCC AR4) 20th century climate (20C3M scenario) to simulate daily precipitation over Indian region is explored. skill evaluated on a 2.5° × grid square compared with Meteorological Department's (IMD) gridded dataset, and every GCM ranked each these grids based its score. Skill scores (SSs) are estimated from probability density functions (PDFs)...