A finite-element formulation based on a discrete electromagnetism is developed to simulate electro-quasistatic fields unstructured meshes. The presented takes dielectric effects into account as well nonlinear conductive effects. implementation differential forms an 3-D mesh. Numerical results of the simulation three dimensional high-voltage surge arrester consisting linear and materials are shown. An algebraic multigrid method introduced preconditioner nonstandard projected preconditioned...

Abstract. In this contribution, the procedure "Equivalent Cable Bundle Method" is used for simplification of large cable bundles, and it extended to application on differential signal lines. The main focus reduction twisted-pair cables. Furthermore, process presented here allows take into account cables with wires that are situated quite close each other. based a new approach calculate geometry simplified uses fact line parameters do not uniquely correspond certain geometry. For reason, an...

Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) are a basic requirement of modern wireless communication technology. Statutory thresholds RF-EMF established to limit relevant additional heat supply in human tissue. Nevertheless, date, questions concerning nonthermal biological effects have yet be fully addressed. New versions microarrays (8 × 60K v2) provide higher resolution whole genome gene expression display adaptive processes cells after irradiation. In this ex vivo/ vitro study, we...

The quality of a real open area test site is affected by many factors, e.g., constructive elements carrying antennas, their power supply, the electric properties ground, or surrounding scattering sources. To quantitatively determine influence all factors that make differ from an ideal one, numerical simulation employed here. Hence, it will become possible to arrange so requirements for antenna calibration and electromagnetic compatibility testing according engineering standards are granted.

High Altitude Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulses (HEMP) are among most extreme external signals that can interfere with an electric device. To ensure the survival of vital components even in case a HEMP event, several procedures have been designed to test DUTs lab environment. As consequence, field tests simulators mandatory. A valid estimation level which will cause failure DUT due (either generated artificially or by real life event) allow engineers fix better levels for susceptibility and...

Cardiac pacemakers are vital for many persons sufferering from heart diseases, and a malfunction of those devices can have terrible consequences their wearers. Yet, in signal environment evermore complex, the influence external signals interfering with normal operation pacemaker is getting stronger. We present an analytical linear model use it detailed investigation on influences operation. In second step, we take into account non-linear properties investigate most common types using model.

More than ever before, people around the world are frequently exposed to different sections of electromagnetic spectrum, mainly emitted from wireless modern communication technologies. Especially, level knowledge on non-thermal biological EMF effects remains controversial. New technologies allow for a more detailed detection non-coding RNAs which affect post-transcriptional control. Such method shall be applied in this work investigate response human blood cells irradiation. In ex vivo vitro...

Critical electronic devices, i.e. units whose operation is essential, must be able to work even when exposed extreme electromagnetic signals, such as High Altitude Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulses (HEMP). As a consequence, field tests with HEMP simulators are mandatory. In this paper, several statistical approaches assess the quality of presented and compared test protocol specified by German standard [1]. The proposed schemes based on acceptance sampling confidence intervals improve...

The subject of investigation is the magnetic induction twisted three-phase power cables finite length and reduction their fields by utilizing compensation effects. After deriving integral expressions for such we propose a simple model consisting twist-free elements which requires no integration. lengths cable as well displacement angles with respect to referring axis depend on element numbers. By comparing 3 6 wires show that phase sequence L1-L2-L3-L1-L2-L3 6-wire causes drastically reduced...

The electromagnetic fields in an reverberation chamber (ERC) with a rotating mode stirrer are numerically determined for each position via finite element (FE) simulation. With these results both correlation analysis according to the present engineering standard is performed and spatial variation of field averaged over all positions computed. Thus, it studied how far notions ergodicity related. efficient FE simulation at hand, further studies comprising loaded chambers geometry optimization...

In recent decades, the widespread use of mobile phones and wireless technologies has led to a significant increase in radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs), raising concerns about continuous RF-EMF exposure among general population. Recent research indicates that real-life RF signals are more biologically active than controlled laboratory with low variability, suggesting living organisms can adapt EMF when pattern variability. However, using sources unpredictable variation...

Investigations of the reaction biologic tissue to external electromagnetic fields is becoming more and important in modern day signal environment with its eveqirowing number emissions, both intended (i.e. cellphones, WLAN-routers, microwave transmission lines) unintended power leakage from apertures computer casing, magnetic lines, stray inductive battery charging stations). However, fundamental properties cell combined characteristics waves make experiments rather difficult, since a large...

Abstract. A plane rectangular bar of conducting and permeable material is placed in an external low-frequency magnetic field. The shielding properties this object are investigated by solving the given eddy current problem for vector potential with boundary integral equation method. inside rectangle governed Helmholtz' equation, which our case solved separation. solution inserted into remaining exterior domain surrounding bar. By expressing its logarithmic kernel as a Fourier overall outside...

Abstract. Boundary Integral Equation formulations can be used to describe electromagnetic shielding problems. Yet, this approach frequently leads integrals which contain a singularity and an oscillating part. Those are difficult handle when integrated naivly using standard integration techniques, in some cases even very high number of nodes will not lead precise results. We present method for the numerical quadrature integral with logarithmic cosine oscillator: modified Filon-Lobatto parts...

The magnetic field of a twisted three-phase power cable finite length can be drastically reduced by distributing its currents over 3N single conductors which are arranged in specific order. induction the resulting multi-wire is expressed analytically help integrals, and furthermore without integration simple model consisting twist-free elements. As numerical results we display 3D-plots distribution diagrams attenuation factor for different splitting steps N original cable.

The impact of electromagnetic fields on biological tissue is increasingly gaining relevance for compatibility considerations. To estimate such effects, the determination exposition cellular level essential. Hence, a new method finite element simulation cells in electrolyte solution based electro-quasistatic approximation to Maxwell's equations presented here. By non-overlapping iterative domain decomposition (IDD), more efficient and accurate incorporation surface charge relaxation material...

Summary form only given. The investigation of the interaction biological tissue, i.e. cells, organs or living being, and electromagnetic waves has been interest to scientific community for a very long time, but became research focus with introduction mobile phones in 1990-ies. primary natural source RF fields is sun. Human-made sources, however, emit majority immediate environment community, home workplace. Most found are due commercial radio TV broadcasting telecommunications facilities....

Instead of shielding disturbing busbars consisting conductors with rectangular cross-section by wrapping them high permeable material, the authors propose use which are formed coaxial tubes circular cross-section. Due to their rotational symmetry, they do not generate a resulting magnetic field in surroundings. In addition this specific form is endowed some more advantageous qualities, e.g. low inductivity impedance matrix, little power loss, mechanical stability case short-circuit currents,...

The purpose of this work is to establish a numerical framework capable generating simulation data with the same statistical properties as represented electrical reverberation chamber (ERC). While an ERC whose resonating volume geometrically varied produces randomly distributed fields, deterministic system. However, distributions fields may nevertheless correspond. Such would allow for predicting if certain design suited particular purpose. numerically gained are compared empirical results...

The object of investigation is a twisted three-phase power cable finite length. It, contains N uniform packs built up by 3 conductors, where each the carries an identical current system. With respect to arbitrary phase-currents pack forms closed cross-sections wires belonging are arranged along straight lines which start under corresponding angles from center cable. Compared with field common 3-wire superposition magnetic fields single leads reduced overall caused compensation effects. We...

Eddy currents inside plane conductor of linear permeable material can be excited in two ways: either by an external magnetic field, or connecting the to a load independent current source. If excitation is time-harmonic and frequency low enough neglect displacement current, modified vector potential describing fields given eddy problem governed Helmholtz' equation. This equation solved separation. The solution inserted into remaining boundary integral for exterior domain surrounding yielding...

A method to improve the quality of antenna calibration in a semi-anechoic chamber is discussed, which based on compensation unwanted reflections at walls with help destructive interference. To this end, several measurements are carried out and averaged favorable way. This significantly increases accuracy when employed connection standard site or three method. For validation, applied isotropy test scenario, showing that anisotropies non optimal drastically reduced. Results presented terms...

In this paper, characterization and manufacturing of a non-homogenous stackable 2D Luneburg lens, using additive techniques is presented. The paper discusses the material process, followed by design, construction, finally prototype construction. It was found that ABS printed SLA technology, produces most promising results for desired application.