This article integrates published acoustic data on the development of vowel production. Age specific formant frequencies are considered in light information vocal tract (VT) to create an anatomic-acoustic description maturation space for English.

Speech development in children is predicated partly on the growth and anatomic restructuring of vocal tract. This study examines pattern various hard soft tissue tract structures as visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), assesses their relational with length (VTL). Measurements lip thickness, hard- soft-palate length, tongue naso-oro-pharyngeal mandibular depth, distance hyoid bone larynx from posterior nasal spine were used 63 pediatric cases (ages birth to 6 years 9 months) 12...

The growth of the vocal tract (VT) is known to be non-uniform insofar as there are regional differences in anatomic maturation. This study presents quantitative data on oral and pharyngeal portions VT from 605 imaging studies for individuals between birth 19 years. (horizontal) portion was segmented into lip-thickness, anterior-cavity-length, oropharyngeal-width, VT-oral, (vertical) posterior-cavity-length, nasopharyngeal-length. were analyzed determine trend, rate, type (neural or somatic)....

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that self-produced auditory feedback sufficient train a mapping between target space and articulator under conditions in which the structures speech production are undergoing considerable developmental restructuring. One challenge for competing theories propose invariant constriction targets it unclear what teaching signal could specify location degree so can be learned. It predicted model trained by will accomplish goals, space, continuously...

The anatomic origin for prepubertal vowel acoustic differences between male and female subjects remains unknown. purpose of this study is to examine developmental sex in vocal tract (VT) length its oral pharyngeal portions.

Cerebellar disease affects a number of skilled movements, including those in speech. Ataxic dysarthria, the speech disorder that typically accompanies cerebellar disease, was studied by acoustic methods. Control subjects and with ataxic dysarthria were recorded while performing speaking tasks, sustained vowel phonation, syllable repetition, monosyllabic word production (intelligibility test), sentence recitation, conversation. Acoustic data derived from samples confirmed hypothesis temporal...

Purpose This study examines accuracy and comparability of 4 trademarked acoustic analysis software packages (AASPs): Praat, WaveSurfer, TF32, CSL by using synthesized natural vowels. Features AASPs are also described. Method Synthesized vowels were analyzed each the AASP's default settings to secure 9 measures: fundamental frequency (F0), formant frequencies (F1–F4), bandwidths (B1–B4). The discrepancy between measured values input (synthesized, previously reported, manual measurements) was...

A single-word identification test was used to study speech production in children and adults with Down syndrome (DS) determine the developmental pattern of intelligibility an emphasis on vowels.Speech recordings were collected from 62 participants DS aged 4-40 years 25 typically developing 4-7 years. Panels 5 adult lay listeners transcribed orthographically, their responses scored comparison speakers' target words.Speech persons improved age, especially between ages 4 16 Whereas consonants...

Computer-based analysis systems are increasingly available for the clinical assessment of speech and voice functions. These have potential to provide immediate quantitative information assist treatment. The Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) is a computer program that can calculate as many 33 acoustic parameters from sample. MDVP appears rapid assessments in both research applications. This report evaluates robustness reliability vocal analyses 32 individuals with dysarthria various...

This study systematically assessed the effects of select linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis parameter manipulations on vowel formant measurements for diverse speaker groups using 4 trademarked Speech Acoustic Analysis Software Packages (SAASPs): CSL, Praat, TF32, and WaveSurfer.Productions words containing corner vowels were recorded from with typical development (male female adults male children) Down syndrome children). Formant frequencies determined manual a consensus procedure to...

The hyoid bone supports the important functions of swallowing and speech. At birth, consists a central body pairs right left lesser greater cornua. Fusion cornua with normally occurs in adulthood, but may not occur at all some individuals. aim this study was to quantify fusion across lifespan, as well assess developmental changes density. Using computed tomography imaging studies database, 136 bones (66 male, 70 female, ages 1-to-94) were examined. ranked on each side classified into one...

The purpose of this study was to take a first step toward constructing developmental and sex-specific version parametric vocal tract area function model representative male female tracts ranging in age from infancy 12 yrs, as well adults. Anatomic measurements collected large imaging database children adults provided the dataset which length warping cross-dimension scaling functions were derived, applied adult-based project it backward along an continuum. resulting assessed qualitatively by...

Purpose The aim of this study was to determine how the speech disorder profiles in Down syndrome (DS) relate reduced intelligibility, atypical overall quality, and impairments subsystems production (phonation, articulation, resonance, prosody). Method Auditory-perceptual ratings features associated with were obtained from recordings 79 children adults DS. Ratings made for sustained vowels (62 speakers) short sentences (79 speakers). data analyzed severity affected each speaking task detect...

The anatomic basis and articulatory features of speech production are often studied with imaging studies that typically acquired in the supine body position. It is important to determine if changes orientation gravitational field alter vocal tract dimensions acoustics. purpose this study was assess effect position (upright versus supine) on (1) oral pharyngeal measurements derived from acoustic pharyngometry (2) fundamental frequency (F0) first four formant frequencies (F1–F4) for...