This study proposes a multilayer hybrid deep-learning system (MHS) to automatically sort waste disposed of by individuals in the urban public area. deploys high-resolution camera capture image and sensors detect other useful feature information. The MHS uses CNN-based algorithm extract features perceptrons (MLP) method consolidate information classify wastes as recyclable or others. is trained validated against manually labelled items, achieving overall classification accuracy higher than...

High voltage gain DC-DC converter is a prime requirement for renewable applications, in particular PV. Though numerous available increasing the gain, passive elements higher which reduces compactness, consequently, increases cost of system. To address this issue, high reported recently. However, number quite size. reduce and maintain same semiconductor devices, paper, new switched inductor arrangement proposed named as double switch (SL-DS-DC). Moreover, has compared to recently converter....

In this article, the free-will arbitrary time consensus is formulated for multiagent systems. This protocol independent of initial conditions and any other system parameters. With such a protocol, shown to attain as well average within prespecified time. Agents rendezvous can also be accomplished with given protocol. Communication imperfections are easily handled designed Robust designed. The stability nonlinear nonautonomous protocols established using suitable Lyapunov functions....

This brief proposes new discrete-time algorithms of the super-twisting observer and twisting controller to be applied second-order systems. The are based on full implicit-Euler discretization, which contributes elimination chattering. Proofs some stability properties discretized also provided. Simulations show that, as compared traditional explicit-Euler schemes, proposed scheme avoids chattering both in trajectory tracking output control input presence external disturbances.

A compact high step up dc-dc converter with continuous input current and lower device voltage stress is a prime requirement for renewable application. In this article, gain proposed, which combines the concept of switched inductor capacitor along unique interconnection input-output. This arrangement reduces stress. The proposed has reduced conduction losses, components count, low across devices. Besides, ripple, suitable integration. operation steady-state analysis are done in mode. For...

The essential features of a DC-DC converter for fuel cell vehicle are to ensure the higher voltage gain meet out DC link demand, continuous input current improve life span cell, presence common grounding avoid electromagnetic interference issue and lower stress with reduced components. This paper presents high by combining switched capacitor quasi boost network modules. proposed provides current, stress, utilizes fewer number elements feature. operating characteristics, steady-state analysis...

Bidirectional DC-DC converters are critical aspects of integrating energy storage units with hybrid electric vehicle. In this brief, a new bidirectional converter is presented based on the quasi Z-source and switched capacitor network. The proposed can achieve higher voltage gain in lower duty cycle as compared to existing reported literature. achieves high low range thus avoids inductor core saturation problem converters. addition, exhibits stress across capacitors. operation, steady-state...

In this paper, we investigate unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted communication systems that require quasi-balanced data rates in uplink (UL) and downlink (DL), as well users’ heterogeneous traffic. To the best of our knowledge, is first work to explicitly joint UL-DL optimization for UAV under requirements. A hybrid-mode multiple access (HMMA) scheme proposed toward traffic, where non-orthogonal (NOMA) targets high average rate, while orthogonal (OMA) aims meet instantaneous rate demands...

Voice coil actuators (VCAs) are applied in a fast steering mirror (FSM), precision positioning platform, etc. These applications demand that the VCAs used simple, inexpensive, reliable, and efficient. In this paper, we report novel VCA with concentration flux-line structure. The greatly reduces magnet leakage has less electromagnetic interference other electronic devices. output force sensitivity of is 4.17 N/A 300 turns stroke ±2.5 mm. Driven by VCA, mechanical scanning angle FSM can...

Abstract This paper studies the super‐twisting algorithm (STA) for adaptive sliding mode design. The proposed method tunes two gains of STA on line simultaneously such that a second order can take place with small rectifying gains. perturbation magnitude is obtained exactly by employing third‐order observer in opposition to conventional approximations using first low pass filter. While driving variable surface, one gain automatically converges an adjacent area finite time. other adjusted...

A high voltage gain inverter is a prime requirement for power application. Z-source has attracted the attention widely. lot of efforts been made to improve with better design. However, still, there gap achieve higher optimum number components. In this brief, quasi proposed gain. The utilizes active switched network along inductor cell. offers continuous input current and operation steady-state analysis are presented derive comparative describe features inverter. Finally, an experimental...

Carbon isotope ratio of leaf dry matter, δ 13 C, was measured on species occurring within Baiyin desert community, consisting valley, slope and ridge microhabitats, Shandan Gobi seasonal flooded creek in Northwest China. C 3 increased with a decrease soil water availability, suggesting that water‐use efficiency (WUE) decreasing moisture, whereas for all 4 species, tended to WUE also moisture. Above results indicated pattern conservative under drought plants. In this present study, species'...

This brief proposes an adaptive observer based on the super-twisting algorithm (STA) and its discrete-time realization with a predefined convergence time. In contrast to conventional STA that tries adaptively reduces gain sizes as much possible in accordance external disturbances, proposed increases such time is ensured be within convergence-time period. The numerical chattering associated these large gains suppressed by employing implicit Euler discretization method. While keeping property...

An interesting feature of a Z-source inverter is to provide buck-boost ability in single stage. However, this concept most popular the conventional inverters. In few multilevel inverters (MLIs), utilized have higher gain along with retaining advantages an MLI such as better electromagnetic interference compatibility, low harmonic distortion, etc. potential not fully exploited MLIs. To widen feasibility MLI, modular considered. article, generalized switched inductor cell selected network for...

A gain-adaption mechanism of a dual level to the super-twisting algorithm (STA) for adaptive sliding mode design is studied. The proposed method first tunes third-order observer exactly estimate magnitude external disturbances, and then adjusts two gains STA online simultaneously such that second-order can take place with small rectifying gains. are adjusted by exploring homogeneous property only one auxiliary parameter L needed be tuned. this increases until error between output actual...

This brief deals with predefined time control for nonlinear polytopic systems. With such a control, the settling function is uniform respect to initial conditions of system and can be chosen by designer. By using Lyapunov function, sufficient condition investigated existence continuous stable state feedback controller. The obtained also necessary, that closed-loop has robust (RCLF) all possible parametric uncertainties. Finally, practical shows efficacy proposed approach.

Numerous Z-source three-phase inverters are developed for realizing higher voltage gain which suitable to use in hybrid electric vehicle drive the machine. However, and current stress of passive elements semiconductor devices major limitations reported inverters. In this article, a new quasi-switched boost inverter is proposed has following features: 1) very low continuous input current; 2) reduced stress; 3) 4) shoot through immunity; 5) single stage conversion from dc ac; 6) improved...

Magnetorheological clutches (MRCs) are potential to provide jointed robots with the capability of behaving compliantly and safely. However, before achieving those behaviors, MRCs should be well modeled capture their complicated nonlinear dynamics including rate-dependent hysteresis creep phenomena. This article develops a multistate fractional-order MRC model that captures such dynamics. Compared classical models, this new offers better estimation accuracy for phenomena, simultaneously. To...

Nonsmooth mechanical systems, which are systems involving dry friction and rigid unilateral contact, usually described as differential inclusions (DIs), that is, equations discontinuities. Those DIs may be approximated by ordinary (ODEs) simply smoothing the Such approximations, however, can produce unrealistic behaviors because discontinuous natures of original lost. This paper presents a new algebraic procedure to approximate describing nonsmooth ODEs with preserving The is based on fact...

This paper presents a new quick-response sliding mode tracking differentiator (new TD) for feedback control of mechatronic systems. The TD is an extension Jin et al.'s (TD-J) by employing exponential reaching term balancing the trade-off between noise attenuating efficiency and convergence speed. discrete-time algorithm derived using implicit-Euler discretization equivalent set-valued signum function saturation function, it does not produce chattering, which has been one major challenge...

This brief proposes a discrete-time fractional-order differentiator based on the super-twisting algorithm for second-order systems. The achieves higher performance with respect to classical ones of integer order in terms convergence time and robustness. It relaxes boundedness condition required be satisfied by derivatives functions conventional differentiators. numerical integration is performed an implicit Euler discretization technique Fractional Adams-Moulton method, which significantly...