Abstract. There is a long-standing challenge in cloud and climate models to simulate the process of ice particle riming realistically, partly due unrealistic parameterization growth mass (m) projected area (A) during riming. This study addresses this problem, utilizing ground-based measurements m maximum dimension (D) as well theory formulate simple expressions describing dependence A on It was observed that β − D power law = α Dβ appears independent phase 1 (before formation graupel), with...

Abstract. A new satellite remote sensing method is described whereby the sensitivity of thermal infrared wave resonance absorption to small ice crystals exploited estimate cirrus cloud ice-particle number concentration N, effective diameter De and water content IWC. This uses co-located observations from Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR) CALIOP (Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) lidar aboard CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Pathfinder Satellite Observation) polar orbiting satellite,...

Abstract This paper describes a new approach for representing ice microphysics in climate models. In contrast with most previous schemes, this does not include separate categories cloud and precipitating instead uses single two-moment category to represent all solid hydrometeors. Thus, there is no need an “autoconversion” size threshold parameter, which has critical impact on simulated the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM5) yet poorly constrained by theory or observations. Further, treatment,...

Abstract Observed stratocumulus to cumulus transitions (SCTs) and their sensitivity aerosols are studied using a large‐eddy simulation (LES) model that simulates the aerosol lifecycle, including sources sinks. To initialize, force, evaluate LES, we used combination of reanalysis, satellite, aircraft data from 2015 Cloud System Evolution in Trades field campaign over Northeast Pacific. The simulations follow two Lagrangian trajectories initially overcast (Sc) tropical shallow region near...

Abstract. Ice particle mass- and projected area-dimension (m-D A-D) power laws are commonly used in the treatment of ice cloud microphysical optical properties remote sensing properties. Although there has long been evidence that a single m-D or A-D law is often not valid over all sizes, few studies have addressed this fact. This study develops self-consistent expressions but can easily be reduced to for size (maximum dimension D) range interest, they much larger D than laws. was done by...

Abstract As the last time period when concentrations were near 400 ppm, Pliocene Epoch (5.33–2.58 Ma) is a useful paleoclimate target for understanding future climate change. Existing estimates of global warming and sensitivity during rely mainly on model simulations. To reconstruct incorporate observations, we use data assimilation to blend sea‐surface temperature (SST) proxies with simulations from Modeling Intercomparison Project 2 Community Earth System Models. The resulting...

Abstract. The complex mechanisms governing the formation of cirrus clouds pose significant challenges in accurate simulation within climate models, leading to uncertainties predicting cloud response aerosols and efficacy thinning (CCT), a intervention method. One issue is related relative contributions homogeneous heterogeneous ice nucleation. Recent satellite observations from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) suggest that strongly affected by...

Abstract Variability in the strength of low-cloud feedbacks across climate models is primary contributor to spread their estimates equilibrium sensitivity (ECS). This raises question: What are regional implications for key features tropical globally weak versus strong response greenhouse gas–induced warming? To address this question and formalize our understanding cloud controls on climate, we perform a suite idealized fully coupled slab-ocean simulations which systematically scale...

Abstract An understanding of the major governing processes North American monsoon (NAM) is necessary to guide improvement in global and regional climate modeling NAM, as well NAM's impacts on summer circulation, precipitation, drought over America. A mechanistic NAM suggested by incorporating local‐ synoptic‐scale processes. The local‐scale mechanism describes effect temperature inversion Gulf California (GC) controlling low‐level moisture during 2004 NAM. strong inhibits exchange between...

Abstract. There are two fundamental mechanisms through which cirrus clouds form; homo- and heterogeneous ice nucleation (henceforth hom het). The relative contribution of each mechanism to crystal production often determines the microphysical radiative properties a cloud. A new satellite remote sensing method is described in this study estimate cloud particle number concentration het formation as function altitude, latitude, season surface type (e.g. land vs. ocean). This uses co-located...

Abstract. There is a long-standing challenge in cloud and climate models to simulate the process of ice particle riming realistically, partly due unrealistic parameterization growth mass (m) projected area (A) during riming. This study addresses this problem, utilizing ground-based measurements m maximum dimension (D) also theory formulate simple expressions describing dependence A on It was observed that β m-D power law = αDβ appears independent before formation graupel, with α accounting...

Abstract. A new satellite remote sensing method is described whereby the sensitivity of thermal infrared wave resonance absorption to small ice crystals exploited estimate cirrus cloud particle number concentration N, effective diameter De, and water content IWC. This uses co-located observations from Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR) CALIOP (Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) lidar aboard CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Pathfinder Satellite Observation) polar orbiting satellite,...

Abstract. Ice particle mass- and projected area-dimension (m-D A-D) power laws are commonly used in the treatment of ice cloud microphysical optical properties remote sensing properties. Although there has long been evidence that a single m-D or A-D law is often not valid over all sizes, few studies have addressed this fact. This study develops self-consistent expressions laws, but can easily be reduced to for size (maximum dimension D) range interest, they much larger D than laws. was done...

Coastal flooding operational forecasting in the US is limited to short-range temporal scales (3–7 days), which limits response time for emergency preparation and planning. The sub-seasonal prediction project (SubX), produces weather forecasts with a lead of up four weeks, provides an opportunity assess potential creating probabilistic flood longer times. Using ADCIRC hydrodynamic model coastal storm surge, two major hurricanes, Isabel (2003) Katrina (2005), were used as case studies test...

Earth and Space Science Open Archive This preprint has been submitted to is under consideration at Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres. ESSOAr a venue for early communication or feedback before peer review. Data may be preliminary.Learn more about preprints preprintOpen AccessYou are viewing an older version [v1]Go new versionSimulating aerosol lifecycle impacts on the subtropical stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition using large eddy simulationsAuthorsEhsanErfaniiDPeter...

Abstract. As marine low clouds’ evolution is sensitive to the current state of atmosphere and varying meteorological forcing, it crucial ascertain how cloud responses differ across a spectrum those conditions. In this study, we introduce an innovative approach encompass wide array conditions prevalent in regions by creating comprehensive library observed environmental Using reanalysis satellite data, over 2200 Lagrangian trajectories are generated within stratocumulus deck region Northeast...

The North American Monsoon is a seasonal shift in the large-scale circulation that supplies 60-80% of annual rainfall northwestern Mexico and 30-40% US southwest. Regional climate models have shown summer precipitation prediction over America poorest region. Most do not account for crucial mechanism Monsoon: boundary layer inversion Gulf California controls low-level moisture transport. To investigate this mechanism, set carefully designed simulations regional model used to dependence on sea...

A snow growth model for rimed snowfall (SGMR) was developed based on the processes of vapor deposition, aggregation, and riming. The SGMR is initialized by radar reflectivity (Z) at cloud top thereafter simulates vertical evolution size spectra. zeroth- second-moment conservation equations with respect to mass, thus conserves number concentration Z, respectively. New mass- area-dimension expressions suitable synoptic clouds are utilized in model, therefore assumption specific ice particle...