A5046847570- Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Climate variability and models
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Marine and fisheries research
- Neutrino Physics Research
- Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications
- Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging
- Reservoir Engineering and Simulation Methods
- Environmental Monitoring and Data Management
- Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Tropical and Extratropical Cyclones Research
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Marine and environmental studies
- Fluid Dynamics Simulations and Interactions
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Financial Reporting and XBRL
- Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Ship Hydrodynamics and Maneuverability
- Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems
National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development
2013-2024
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
2024
Tecnologia Energia Ambiente Materiali (Italy)
2011-2012
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano
2002-2003
Abstract The global physical and biogeochemical environment has been substantially altered in response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gases from human activities. In 2023, the sea surface temperature (SST) upper 2000 m ocean heat content (OHC) reached record highs. 0–2000 OHC 2023 exceeded that of 2022 by 15 ± 10 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 21 Joules) (updated IAP/CAS data); 9 5 (NCEI/NOAA data). Tropical Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, southern oceans recorded their highest observed since...
The increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from human activities traps heat within climate system and increases ocean content (OHC). Here, we provide first analysis recent OHC changes through 2021 two international groups. world ocean, 2021, was hottest ever recorded by humans, annual value is even higher than last year's record 14 ± 11 ZJ (1 zetta J = 1021 J) using IAP/CAS dataset 16 10 NCEI/NOAA dataset. long-term warming larger Atlantic Southern Oceans other regions...
Changes in ocean heat content (OHC), salinity, and stratification provide critical indicators for changes Earth's energy water cycles. These cycles have been profoundly altered due to the emission of greenhouse gasses other anthropogenic substances by human activities, driving pervasive climate system. In 2022, world's oceans, as given OHC, were again hottest historical record exceeded previous 2021 maximum. According IAP/CAS data, 0-2000 m OHC 2022 that 10.9 ± 8.3 ZJ (1 Zetta Joules = 1021...
Abstract Expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data were the major component of ocean temperature profile observations from late 1960s through early 2000s, and XBTs still continue to provide critical monitor surface subsurface currents, meridional heat transport, content. Systematic errors have been identified in XBT data, some which originate computing depth using a theoretically experimentally derived fall-rate equation (FRE). After in-depth studies these biases discussions held several...
Abstract. Ocean observational gridded products are vital for climate monitoring, ocean and research, model evaluation, supporting mitigation adaptation measures. This paper describes the 4th version of Institute Atmospheric Physics (IAPv4) temperature heat content (OHC) objective analysis product. It accounts recent developments in quality control (QC) procedures, climatology, bias correction, vertical horizontal interpolation, mapping is available upper 6000 m (119 levels) since 1940 (more...
The first eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) were deployed in the 1960s North Atlantic Ocean. In 1967 XBTs operational mode to provide a continuous record of temperature profile data along repeated transects, now known as Global XBT Network. current network is designed monitor ocean circulation and boundary variability, basin-wide trans-basin heat transport, global regional content. ability Network systematically map upper thermal field multiple basins with sections at eddy-resolving scales...
High-quality ocean in situ profile observations are fundamental for and climate research operational oceanographic applications. Here we describe a new global subsurface temperature database named the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) Oceanography Data Center version 1 (CODC-v1). This contains over 17 million profiles between 1940-2023 from all available instruments. The major data source is World Ocean Database (WOD), but CODC-v1 also includes some institutes which not WOD....
Ocean temperature observations are crucial for a host of climate research and forecasting activities, such as monitoring, ocean reanalysis state estimation, seasonal-to-decadal forecasts, forecasting. For all these applications, it is to understand the uncertainty attached each observations, accounting changes in instrument technology observing practices over time. Here, we describe rationale behind specification provided situ International Quality-controlled Database (IQuOD) v0.1,...
A high-quality hydrographic observational database is essential for ocean and climate studies operational applications. Because there are numerous global regional databases, duplicate data continues to be an issue in management, processing merging, posing a challenge on effectively accurately using oceanographic derive robust statistics reliable products. This study aims provide algorithm identify the duplicates assign labels them. We propose first definition of exact possible duplicates;...
Abstract. EXpendable BathyThermograph (XBT) temperature profiles collected in the framework of Mediterranean Forecasting System – Toward Environmental Prediction (MFS-TEP) project have been compared with CTD measurements. New procedures for quality control recorded values developed and checked. Some sources possible uncertainties errors, such as response time apparatus (XBT probe, thermistor readout chain), or influence initial conditions are also analysed. To deal high homogeneity waters, a...
Abstract Biases have been identified in historical expendable bathythermograph (XBT) datasets, which are one of the major sources uncertainty ocean subsurface database. More than 10 correction schemes were proposed; however, their performance has not collectively evaluated and compared. This study quantifies how well different available can correct XBT data by comparing corrected with collocated reference both World Ocean Database (WOD) 2013 EN4 dataset. Four metrics proposed to quantify...
Abstract Expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) have been widely deployed for ocean monitoring since the late 1960s. Improving quality of XBT data is a vital task in climatology. Many factors (e.g., temperature, probe type, and manufacturing time) identified as major influences systematic bias. In addition, recording system (RS) has long suspected another factor. However, this factor not taken into account any global correction schemes, partly because its impact poorly understood. Here, based...
Abstract. The advent of open science and the United Nations Decade Ocean Science for Sustainable Development are revolutionizing ocean data sharing landscape an efficient transparent information knowledge generation. This blue revolution raised awareness on importance metadata community standards to actionate interoperability digital assets (data services) guarantee that driven preserve provenance, lineage quality its replicability. Historical frequently not compliant with these criteria,...
Abstract. Ocean observational gridded products are vital for climate monitoring, ocean and research, model evaluation, supporting mitigation adaptation measures. This paper describes the 4th version of Institute Atmospheric Physics (IAPv4) temperature heat content (OHC) objective analysis product. It accounts recent developments in quality control (QC) procedures, climatology, bias correction, vertical horizontal interpolation, mapping is available upper 6000 m (119 levels) since 1940 (more...
Computational fluid dynamics techniques have been applied to model flow in the vicinity of oceanographic temperature probes. A major goal modeling effort is determination drag coefficients for probe descent into ocean water. These can be used, conjunction with a dynamic probe, predict depth during descent. Accurate information essential proper measurement temperatures and, consequently, heating associated climate change. Until recently, depths were predicted use experimental calibrations...
Computational fluid dynamic techniques have been applied to the determination of drag on oceanographic devices (expendable bathythermographs). Such devices, which are used monitor changes in ocean heat content, provide information that is dependent their coefficient. Inaccuracies calculations can impact estimation heating associated with global warming. Traditionally, ocean-heating was based experimental correlations related depth device fall time. The relation time-depth provided by a...
Experimental Verification of Drag Forces on Spherical Objects Entering Water which pass from gas regions to liquid experience elevated impact forces associated with the acceleration surrounding liquid. In order investigate these forces, complementary experiments and simulations were performed a sphere that traveled air water an velocity 2 m/s. It was found two methods gave results in very good agreement. particular, depth vs. time trajectory closely matched. A fitted polynomial allowed entry...
Since the 1970s, eXpendable BathyThermographs (XBTs) have provided simplest and most cost-efficient solution for rapid sampling of temperature vs. depth profiles upper part ocean along ship transects. This manual, compiled by Ship Opportunity Program Implementation Panel (SOOPIP) a subgroup Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Observations Coordination Group (OCG) Team (SOT) together with members XBT Science Team, aims to improve quality assurance data establishing best practices field...
Abstract. From September 1999 to December 2000, eXpendable Bathy-Thermograph (XBT) profiles were collected along the Genova-Palermo shipping route in framework of Mediterranean Forecasting System Pilot Project (MFSPP). The is virtually coincident with track 0044 TOPEX/Poseidon satellite altimeter, crossing Ligurian and Tyrrhenian basins an approximate N–S direction. This allows a direct comparison between XBT altimetry, whose findings are presented this paper. sections reveal presence major...