The adsorption process of cadmium ions (Cd), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) onto the spent coffee grounds (SCG) activated (biochar, A-SCG) was investigated. SCG activation carried out in pyrolysis a fluidized bed reactor. scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements CHN analysis were used order to define differences between biomaterials. In study different mass materials (0.2-0.5...

This article presents flame retardant compounds for silicone rubber (SR) in the form of polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxanes (POSS), containing both isobutyl groups and amino-propyl (AM-POSS) or chloro-propyl group (HA-POSS) vinyl (OL-POSS). Silsequioxanes were incorporated into matrix a quantity 3 6 parts by wt method reactive stirring with use laboratory mixing mill. Based on analyses performed TG (Thermogravimetry) FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), conical calorimeter,...

The net zero emissions policy represents a crucial component of the global initiative to address climate change. European Union has set target achieving greenhouse gas by 2050. This study assesses Poland’s feasibility emissions. Currently, Poland relies on fossil fuels for approximately 71% its electricity generation, with accounting only 16% country’s total final energy consumption. Accordingly, transition carbon will necessitate significant modifications system, particularly in industrial,...

The present article presents unreported yet in the subject literature examinations of effect a lignocellulose filler obtained from an alkalized wheat straw treated with di-potassium phosphate on properties natural rubber composites. thermal and mechanical as well fire hazard composites were tested also presence additive flame-retardant compound (poly(ammonium phosphate)), exploiting synergism its action pentaerythritol, antimony trioxide, aluminum hydroxide zinc borate. Based results by...

Aluminosilicate microspheres are a valuable fraction of coal fly ash with diverse applications due to their low density. Currently, there is no efficient and ecologically rational method cenosphere recovery from ash. A combination dry methods for the both fine particles aluminosilicate presented. It comprised fluidised bed separation followed by screening pneumatic in free-fall air chamber. Fluidised was assisted mechanical activator prevent agglomeration. This step reduced portion material...

Carbon black commonly found in elastomeric composites is the main precursor of smoke formed during thermal decomposition and combustion these materials. It has been proven that soot particles suspended air, absorbing carcinogenic, mutagenic teratogenic, organic compounds from groups dioxins, furans polyaromatic hydrocarbons, penetrating into living organisms through respiratory tract, pose a serious threat to human health life. Therefore, it proved this paper, partial replacement carbon with...

The study presents the investigation results concerning thermal properties of non-cross-linked and cross-linked silicone rubber with organic peroxide. was filled mineral fillers such as cenospheres, including cenospheres covered iron, attapulgite, wollastonite, aluminum hydroxide silica. stability considered from point view used, particularly taking into account modern cenospheric filler. Thermal analysis carried out under both air a neutral gas at temperatures ranging 120 to 700 °C....

This article illustrates the impact of basalt filler, both in form flakes and fibers, on thermal mechanical properties, as well fire hazard, silicone rubber (SR) composites, including ceramizable composites. In addition to composites contain mineral fillers their composition silica calcium carbonate, inorganic fluxes such zinc borate glass frit, melamine cyanurate a flame retardant. The obtained were analyzed from point view morphology, rheological flammability, properties before after...

In this paper, the influence of cenospheric fillers different particle sizes on thermal properties and flammability butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber is presented. A part fly ash cenospheres was coated with an iron (III) oxide layer. series examinations were conducted, these took forms of: analysis; oxygen index cone calorimeter measurements; SEM; AFM. These enabled explanation iron-based combustion inhibition processes in terms catalysis char formation elastomer cross-linking. Cenospheres...

This paper presents the energy characteristics of wood and wood-based materials in form commercially available pellets, furniture board (MDF) OSB. Toxicometric indices were determined for gaseous destructs arising from thermal decomposition combustion studied. The proves that conditions are crucial terms toxic destructive emissions. It has been shown under controlled can lead to equally low emissions wastes as traditional materials. also index greenhouse gas emission, so-called CO2...

This paper presents the influence of zinc on cross-linking process, mechanical and dynamic properties, morphologies balance thermal degradation blends containing chloroprene rubber (CR) butadiene (BR). The novel aspect this research is a comprehensive approach presenting new curing agent for CR/BR to increase their density final including non-flammability low fire hazard. due need find an alternative oxide, which standard rubber. regulations European Union enforce significant limitation use...

The article illustrates the impact of basalt filler in form flakes and fibres on toxicity gaseous products that formed during thermal decomposition silicone rubber composites. values specific emissions gases were determined with help IR spectroscopy further applied to calculate toxicometric index. presented method measuring concentrations resulting from consists application a fluidised bed reactor, which makes it possible conduct sample at precisely assumed temperature value imitate...

In this paper, the possibility of achieving a stable fluidised bed made cenospheres was examined. Cenospheres are waste material from hard coal power plants. This is perfectly spherical, and it thin-walled filled with gases (mainly CO2, N2). Because their low density, particle size sphericity, can be easily even at flow rates fluidising medium. Moreover, application acoustic waves during fluidisation removes apparent effect double stationary states moves minimum velocity into lower gas rates.

The results of a photocatalytic process performed in new type inclined, three-phase fluidised bed reactor with periodic photocatalyst film are presented. These phases were fly ash cenospheres coated TiO2, an aqueous solution methylene blue and air stream passing from the bottom photoreactor. have density lower than water could thus form catalytic on top irradiated window. formed surface is stable but easy to break be reproduced cyclic air-sparged process. Mixing was either or continuous...

The smoke emitted during thermal decomposition of elastomeric composites contains a significant number carcinogenic and mutagenic compounds from the group polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, as well polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins furans, PCDDs/Fs. By replacing carbon black with specific amount lignocellulose filler, we noticeably reduced fire hazard caused by composites. filler parameters associated flammability tested composites, decreased emission, limited toxicity gaseous products...

The results of selected volatile organic compounds (benzene, n-hexane, isopropanol, and formic acid) catalytic oxidation are presented on Fe2O3 cenospheres in the fluidised bed reactor. core–shell Fe2O3-cenosphere catalyst was developed by applying an Fe layer FB-MO-CVD (fluidised bed, metal–organic chemical vapor deposition) following oxidation. efficiency decomposition VOCs tested range 200 to 500 °C, using method based infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). research focused especially analysis...