Summary In diverse insects, the forward positioning of antenna is often among first behavioral indicators onset flight. This behavior may be important for proper acquisition mechanosensory and olfactory inputs by antennae during Here, we describe neural mechanisms antennal in hawk moths from behavioral, neuroanatomical neurophysiological perspectives. The experiments indicated that a set sensory bristles called Böhm's (or hair plates) mediate When these structures were ablated basal segments...

The diversity of animal acoustic signals has evolved due to multiple ecological processes, both biotic and abiotic. At the level communities signaling animals, these processes may lead diverse outcomes, including partitioning along axes (divergent signal parameters, locations, timing). Acoustic data provides information on organization, dynamics an community, thus enables study change turnover in a non-intrusive way. In this review, we lay out how community bioacoustics (the structure...

Background Comparative phylogeography links historical population processes to current/ecological through congruent/incongruent patterns of genetic variation among species/lineages. Despite high biodiversity, India lacks a phylogeographic paradigm due limited comparative studies. We compared the phylogenetic Indian populations jungle cat (Felis chaus) and leopard (Prionailurus bengalensis). Given similarities in their distribution within India, evolutionary histories, body size habits,...

The opposing effects of environmental filtering and competitive interactions may influence community assembly coexistence related species. Competition, both in the domain ecological resources, sensory (for example, acoustic interference) also result sympatric species evolving divergent traits niches. Delineating these scenarios within communities requires understanding trait distributions phylogenetic structure community, as well patterns evolution. We report that assemblages Asian barbets...

Abstract Animals employing acoustic signals, such as birds, must effectively communicate over both background noise and potentially attenuating objects in the environment. To surmount these obstacles, animals evolve species-specific signals that do not overlap with sources of interference (such songs close relatives), issue from locations maximize transmission. In multispecies assemblages resource may thus be interspecifically partitioned along multiple axes, including song perch height...

Summary A controlled investigation was conducted to compare the effectiveness of morphine and nalbuphine in prevention pain restlessness after tonsillectomy children. Sixty children between 4 12 years old were randomly allocated receive intramuscular 0.2 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg or no medication approximately 5 minutes before conclusion surgery. Pain assessed 1 2 hours injection, side effects recorded. The assessments made double‐blind. Both decreased hour (p<0.01) (p<0.05) No significant...

Abstract Birds produce diverse acoustic signals, with coexisting species occupying distinct “acoustic niches” to minimize masking, resulting in overdispersion within space. In tropical regions of the world, an influx migrants from temperate occurs during winter. The effects these on community structure and dynamics remain unstudied. Here, I show that a dry forest bird occurring urban area India, winter is accompanied by change composition community. However, spite this, remains overdispersed...

Animals rely on sensory feedback from their environment to guide locomotion. For instance, visually guided animals use patterns of optic flow control velocity and estimate distance objects (e.g. Srinivasan et al. 1991, 1996). In this study, we investigated how acoustic information guides locomotion that hearing as a primary modality orient navigate in the dark, where visual is unavailable. We studied flight echolocation behaviors big brown bats they flew under infrared illumination through...

Animals enhance sensory acquisition from a specific direction by movements of head, ears, or eyes. As active sensing animals, echolocating bats also aim their directional sonar beam to selectively "illuminate" confined volume space, facilitating efficient information processing reducing echo interference and clutter. Such control is generally achieved head shape changes the sound-emitting mouth nose. However, lingual-echolocating Egyptian fruit bats, Rousettus aegyptiacus, which produce...

Summary Insect antennae serve a variety of sensory functions including tactile sensing, olfaction and flight control. For all these functions, the precise positioning antenna is essential to ensure proper acquisition feedback. Although antennal movements in diverse insects may be elicited or influenced by multimodal stimuli, relative effects cues their integration context responses are not well-understood. In previous studies, we have shown that fields Böhm's bristles located at base provide...

Abstract Species richness exhibits well-known patterns across elevational gradients in various taxa, but represents only one aspect of quantifying biodiversity patterns. Functional and phylogenetic diversity have received much less attention, particularly for vertebrate taxa. There is still a limited understanding how functional, taxonomic change concert large elevation. Here, we focused on the Himalaya—representing largest world—to investigate taxonomic, functional bat assemblage. Combining...

Organisms are subject to physical forces that influence morphological evolution. Birds use their bills as implements perform various functions, each exerting unique demands. When excavating cavities, bird must resist a range of mechanical stresses prevent fracture. However, the contribution bill geometry and material composition excavation stress resistance remains poorly understood. Here, we study biomechanical consequences diversification in cavity-excavating palaeotropical barbets. Using...

Dialectic signatures in animal acoustic signals are key the identification of and association with group members. Complex vocal sequences may also convey information about behavioral state, thus vary according to social environment. Some bird species, such as psittaciforms, learn modify their complex throughout lives. However, structure function open-ended learners remains understudied. Here, we examined sequence variation warble song budgerigars, how these change upon contact between...

Although the study of bird acoustic communities has great potential in long-term monitoring and conservation, their assembly dynamics remain poorly understood. Grassland habitats South Asia comprise distinct biomes with unique avifauna, presenting an opportunity to address how community-level patterns signal space arise. Similarity different grassland assemblages may result from phylogenetic similarity, or because groups partition resource, resulting convergent distributions space. Here, we...

Complex behavioral sequences such as courtship displays are often multimodal, and coordination between modalities is critically important. In learned variable behavioural songs, individual variability may also extend to multimodal the associations modalities. However, in complex distinct behaviours remains underexplored. Here, we report that budgerigars, which continuously learn modify their warble exhibit body movements song notes during courtship. Some unique individuals, others universal...