Nonthermal plasma is a promising alternative for ammonia synthesis at gentle conditions. Metal meshes of Fe, Cu, Pd, Ag, and Au were employed as catalysts in radio frequency synthesis. The energy yield all these transition metal ranged between 0.12 0.19 g-NH3/kWh 300 W and, thus, needs further improvement. In addition, semimetal, pure gallium, was used the first time catalyst synthesis, with 0.22 maximum ∼10% 150 W. emission spectra, well computer simulations, revealed hydrogen recombination...

Herein, we demonstrate a synergistic approach with radiofrequency plasma to synthesize ammonia in the presence of Ni-MOF-74 as catalyst. The Ni-MOF displayed higher yields compared pure Ni metal. Specifically, high 0.23 g-NH3 (g-catalyst·kWh)−1 and energy cost 265 MJ mol–1 over were observed. enhanced catalytic activity was attributed pores, which improved mass transfer guest product molecules during reaction, open metal sites, lower surface hydrogen recombination. Furthermore, yield our...

Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of ammonia via atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma over zeolite 5A. The presence in DBD reactor promoted formation microdischarges and a change voltage–current characteristics reactor, leading to an enhanced catalytic performance. perturbation surface electronic properties due led reactive state at which dissociation nitrogen subsequent ammonia. An energy yield 15.5 g-NH3/kW h was observed equimolar N2 H2 ratio 5A, is least 50 times...

The excess of mango peels is considered manufacturing waste in the sugar and juice industry. There an increasing interest looking for alternative ways to employ this address overload. Here, we show efficient use as a noncost carbon source synthesis graphene. We demonstrate first time graphene on Cu substrates from peels, biomass rich pectin. It observed that plasma presence essential growth peels. At 15 30 min exposure, multilayered graphene, at longer i.e., 60 min, there formation monolayer...

Abstract Plasma‐catalytic ammonia synthesis has been known since the early 1900s, but only until now efforts to optimize catalysts for this purpose are emerging. Here, we investigate various transition metals, low‐melting‐point and gallium‐rich alloy their activity towards production under a plasma environment. The best three pure metal were Ni, Sn Au, which not traditional current industrial synthesis. yields these 34 %, 29 19 respectively. Synergistic effects detected when employing...

The Haber-Bosch process has been the commercial benchmark for ammonia synthesis more than a century. Plasma-catalytic production is theorized to have great potential being greener alternative process. However, underlying reactions still require some detailed study especially radiofrequency plasmas. Herein, use of inductively coupled plasma when employing Ga, In and their alloys as catalysts presented. characterized using emission spectroscopy surface Scanning Electron Microscope. A maximum...

Ammonia (NH3) is an attractive carbon-free fuel, though it often requires the addition of a promoter such as hydrogen (H2) to ensure efficient and complete combustion. Herein, we describe construction operation catalytic membrane reformer (CMR) for generation H2/NH3 fuel mixtures. A fraction ammonia decomposed, released extracted through membrane, where combines with remaining ammonia, which used sweep gas. The use stream increased recovery by much 60% reduced CMR operating temperature low T...

The nanostructure of β-gallium oxide crystals influences the conversion to carbamates; specifically, for synthesis alkyl carbamates (like propyl N-octylcarbamate) from CO2 and n-propanol in absence phosgene. nanostructures with variable aspect ratios (length (L)/width (D); 2 18) were prepared by controlled addition neutral cationic surfactants during gallium synthesis. These catalysts displayed selectivities corresponding as high ~70%, superior non-nanostructured Ga2O3 catalysts. was found...

The aluminum impregnated catalysts of Al-alumina (Al-Al₂O₃), Al-montmorillonite (Al-Mmn) and Al-activated charcoal (Al-AC) various percent loadings were prepared by wet impregnation method characterized SEM, XRD N2 adsorption/desorption (BET). catalytic properties investigated in the degradation waste polystyrene (WPS). results Al metal, 20% Al-Al₂O₃, 5% Al- Mmn Al-AC compared with each other for optimum conditions. Among catalyst used Al-Al₂O₃ was found most effective catalyst. BET surface...

Background: There is an increasing interest to consider carbon dioxide as a resource and business opportunity rather than waste with disposal cost. Among the several specific motivations produce platform chemicals such carbamates from CO2 are low or zero cost of this feedstock potential be more economic efficient route. However, pathway requires development materials tunable morphologies textural properties that display enhanced catalytic performance, distinctive structural adsorption those...