Abstract 1 The western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera LeConte is a major insect pest of field maize, Zea mays L. Larvae can cause substantial injury by feeding on maize roots. Larval may destroy individual roots or root nodes, and reduce plant growth, stability, yield. Costs associated with managing rootworms in continuous are annually one the largest expenditures for management United States Corn Belt. 2 Even though D. has been studied intensively over 50 years, there renewed interest...

Insects, mites, and ticks have a long history of evolving resistance to pesticides, host-plant resistance, crop rotation, pathogens, parasitoids. Insect management (IRM) is the scientific approach preventing or delaying pest evolution its negative impacts on agriculture, public health, veterinary issues. This book provides entomologists, practitioners, developers new technologies, regulators with information about many kinds including behavioral phenological resistance. Abstract concepts...

The use of mixtures transgenic insecticidal seed and nontransgenic to provide an in-field refuge for susceptible insects in insect-resistance-management (IRM) plans has been considered at least two decades. However, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency only recently authorized practice. This commentary explores issues that regulators, industry, other stakeholders should consider as biotechnology increases are implemented a major tactic IRM. We discuss how block refuges corn, Zea mays L.,...

Abstract 1 The western corn rootworm (WCR) is a historic pest with legacy of resistance and behavioural plasticity. Its behaviour nutritional ecology are important to management. success the most effective environmentally benign management method, annual crop rotation, was based on an understanding host–plant relationships. Enthusiastic adoption provided excellent management, but also selected for this cultural control. 2 Though well‐studied, significant gaps in WCR biology remain....

Journal Article Modeling the Dynamics of Adaptation to Transgenic Maize by European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Get access David W. Onstad, Onstad Center for Economic Entomology, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 Search other works this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Fred Gould 1 1Department North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695. Volume 91, Issue 3, June 1998, Pages 585–593, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.3.585 Published: 01 1998

A simulation model of the population dynamics and genetics western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), was created to evaluate use refuges in management resistance transgenic insecticidal corn, Zea mays L., expressing one or two toxin traits. Hypothetical scenarios a case study hybrid pyramided with existing toxins are simulated. In hypothetical situations, results demonstrated that evolution is generally delayed by pyramids compared deployment...

We investigated whether development of resistance to a Bt crop in the presence natural enemy would be slower than without and biological control, conjunction with crop, could effectively suppress pest population. Additionally, we insecticide-sprayed refuges non-Bt crops delay or accelerate crop. used system broccoli expressing Cry1Ac, population Plutella xylostella low frequency individuals resistant Cry1Ac insecticide spinosad, enemy, Coleomegilla maculata, conduct experiments over multiple...

The percentage of viable eggs the western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, which survived to adult stage was evaluated for effect egg density in 2005 and 2007 central Missouri. In 2005, each plot 2.44 by 3.05 m contained 64 maize (corn), Zea mays L., plants. 2007, plots were again Seven densities (2,400, 1,200, 600, 300, 100, 50, 25 per 30.5 cm) with four six replications year a completely randomized design. only, an additional row infested near evaluate plant damage. both years,...

Dispersal of neonate European corn borers, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in seed mixtures transgenic expressing Cry1Ab protein (Bt+) and nontransgenic (Bt-) was evaluated a 2-yr field study. The main objective to determine if larval dispersal limits the effectiveness as resistance management strategy. Mixtures included (1) all Bt+ plants, (2) every fifth plant Bt- with remaining plants Bt+, (3) Bt-, (4) plants. transformation events MON 802 (B73 BC1F2 x Mol7) 810 BC1F1 Mo17), which express...

During August of the 2000 growing season, Aphis glycines Matsumura, an aphid native to Asia, was found colonizing soybean plants in Illinois. Accepted for publication 1 February 2001. Published 5

Journal Article Modeling the Spread of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Populations Adapting to Soybean-Corn Rotation Get access D. W. Onstad, Onstad 1Center for Economic Entomology, Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820 Search other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. G. Joselyn, Joselyn 2Center Wildlife Ecology, 61820. S. A. Isard, Isard 3Department Geography, University Illinois, Urbana, 61801. Levine,...

Journal Article Modeling the Dynamics of Adaptation to Transgenic Corn by Western Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Get access David W. Onstad, Onstad 1 1Center for Economic Entomology, Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, IL 61820. Search other works this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles A. Guse, Guse 2 2Department Resources and Environmental Science, University Illinois, Urbana, 61801. Joseph L. Spencer, Spencer Eli Levine, Levine...

A simulation model of the temporal and spatial dynamics population genetics western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, was created to evaluate use block refuges seed blends in management resistance transgenic insecticidal (Zea mays L.). This Bt expresses one event, DAS-59122-7, that produces a binary protein toxin (Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1) provides host-plant resistance. The incorporates latest information about larval adult behavior. Results this modeling effort indicate seed-blend...

The concept of using biological control agents, such as parasitoids and pathogens, to reduce the densities arthropod pests is not new. However, there has been a resurgence interest in this approach, specifically address both continued influx immigrant into United States concerns about use pesticides. According recent report (OTA 1993), approximately 15% estimated 4500 nonindigenous species cause either severe economic damage or profound environmental consequences. Examples these harmful...

Abstract Crop rotation has traditionally been a valuable method for managing pests, but now serious insect pest of maize ( Diabrotica virgifera LeConte [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae]) developed behavioral resistance to rotation. A simple model adult behavior and population genetics can explain how this may have developed. This general indicates that evolution be caused by selection on single gene movement only develops at high levels (>80% plant landscape). In less diverse landscapes, crop...

We simulated the population dynamics and genetics of two bivoltine species corn borers, European borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), southwestern Diatraea grandiosella Dyar, in a hypothetical region irrigated transgenic nontransgenic where insecticide was applied only to refuge crop. Over 100-yr time horizon, resistance developed quickly both when allele for respective toxin dominant. When not dominant location constant over spraying control borer had no effect on how developed. In contrast,...

We simulated the population dynamics and genetics of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), damage to maize in a hypothetical region containing transgenic nontransgenic no other crops. The model assumes that same level refuge for resistance management is used every year over 15–20 yr borers immigrate into period. When complete mixing across blocks between generations assumed, block significantly lowers refuges. For most scenarios without toxin-titer decline during senescence, 20%...

With a growing world population and increasingly demanding consumers, the production of sufficient protein from livestock, poultry, fish represents serious challenge for future. Approximately 1,900 insect species are eaten worldwide, mainly in ...Read More

Western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, has overcome crop rotation in several areas of the north central United States. The effectiveness for management rootworm begun to fail many midwestern States, thus new strategies need be developed control rotation-resistant populations. Transgenic corn, Zea mays L., effective against western may most technology this pest with or without populations adapted rotation. We expanded a simulation model population dynamics and genetics landscape...

Journal Article Calculation of Economic-injury Levels and Economic Thresholds for Pest Management Get access David W. Onstad Illinois Natural History Survey Agricultural Experiment Station, 607 East Peabody Drive, Champaign, 61820 Search other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Entomology, Volume 80, Issue 2, 1 April 1987, Pages 297–303, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/80.2.297 Published: 01 1987 history Received: 19 September 1986 Accepted: 24 November

The design and economic evaluation of management systems for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are facilitated by good estimates the nutritional quality herbage produced. objectives this study were to calibrate test prediction equations crude protein, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD), neutral detergent fiber, acid lignin (ADL) leaf, stem, total components alfalfa. Equations developed from New York data tested predictive accuracy with samples collected California, Georgia, Kentucky, Mexico,...