We present a microscopic discussion of nano-sized structure which uses the quantization energy levels and physics single charge Coulomb interaction to achieve an optimal conversion heat flow directed current. In our blockade lead transfer quantized packets from hot source into electric conductor it is capacitively coupled. The fluctuation generated quantum translates motion electron. Thus in ratio current determined by quantum. An important novel aspect approach that direction electron are decoupled.

We review recent theoretical work on thermoelectric energy harvesting in multi-terminal quantum-dot setups. first discuss several examples of nanoscale heat engines based Coulomb-coupled conductors. In particular, we focus quantum dots the Coulomb-blockade regime, chaotic cavities and resonant tunneling through wells. then turn towards that are driven by bosonic degrees freedom such as phonons, magnons microwave photons. These systems provide interesting connections to spin caloritronics...

We propose a nanoscale heat engine that utilizes the physics of resonant tunneling in quantum dots order to transfer electrons only at specific energies. The nanoengine converts into electrical current multiterminal geometry which permits one separate and flows. By putting two series with hot cavity, enter lead are forced gain prescribed energy exit opposite lead, transporting single electron charge. This condition yields an ideally efficient engine. is property composite system rather than...

We investigate the rectification of thermal fluctuations in a mesoscopic on-chip heat engine. The engine consists hot chaotic cavity capacitively coupled to cold which rectifies excess noise and generates directed current. fluctuation-induced current depends on energy asymmetry transmissions contacts leads is proportional temperature difference. discuss channel dependence maximal power output its efficiency.

The thermoelectric properties of a three-terminal quantum Hall conductor are investigated. We identify contribution to the response that relies on chirality carrier motion rather than spatial asymmetries. Onsager matrix becomes maximally asymmetric with configurations where either Seebeck or Peltier coefficients zero while other one remains finite. Reversing magnetic field direction exchanges these effects, which originate from chiral nature edge states. possibility generate spin-polarized...

We demonstrate experimentally an autonomous nanoscale energy harvester that utilizes the physics of resonant tunneling quantum dots. Gate-defined dots on GaAs/AlGaAs high-electron-mobility transistors are placed either side a hot-electron reservoir. The discrete levels tuned to be aligned with low electrons one and high other hot thus act as filters allow for conversion heat from cavity into electrical power. Our harvester, measured at estimated base temperature 75 mK in He3/He4 dilution...

We propose an electronic bipartite system consisting of a working substance, in which refrigeration process is implemented, and nonthermal resource region, containing combination different thermal baths. In the heat extracted from coldest two reservoirs (refrigeration) via transport particle through quantum dot. This dot substance capacitively coupled to region. such setup, finite cooling power can be obtained while energy exchange with region exactly cancels out, on average. At same time,...

When a biased conductor is put in proximity with an unbiased drag current can be induced the absence of detailed balance. This known as Coulomb effect. However, even this situation far away from equilibrium where balance explicitly broken, theory predicts that fluctuation relations are satisfied. surprising effect has, to date, not been confirmed experimentally. Here we propose system consisting capacitively coupled double quantum dot nonlinear verified

We analyze the noise properties of both electric charge and heat currents as well their correlations in a quantum-dot based thermoelectric engine. The engine is three-terminal conductor with crossed flows where fluctuations can be monitored by detector. investigate mutual influence dynamics how it manifested current properties. In presence energy-dependent tunneling, operating conditions are discussed generated conversion. addition, pumped into hot source driving coupled conductor. An...

We investigate charge and energy transport in a three-terminal quantum Hall conductor. The peculiar properties of chiral propagation along the edges sample have important consequences on response to thermal biases. Based separation heat flows, thermoelectric conversion rectification can be manipulated by tuning scattering at gate-modulated constrictions. Chiral motion magnetic field allows for different behavior left- right-moving carriers giving rise redirecting flows. propose our system...

The Josephson junction is a building block of quantum circuits. Its behavior, well understood when treated as an isolated entity, strongly affected by coupling to electromagnetic environment. In 1983, Schmid predicted that shunted resistance exceeding the RQ = h/4e2 ≈ 6.45 kΩ for Cooper pairs would become insulating since phase fluctuations destroy coherent coupling. However, recent microwave measurements have questioned this interpretation. Here, we insert small in Johnson-Nyquist-type...

We analyze coherent spin phenomena in triple quantum dots triangular configuration under crossed DC and AC magnetic fields. In particular, we discuss the interplay between Aharonov-Bohm current oscillations, electron trapping blockade resonance conditions. demonstrate that, for certain field frequencies, fields induce an antiresonant behavior current, allowing both removal restoration of entangled blockaded states by tuning frequency. Our theoretical predictions indicate how to manipulate...

We consider a quantum dot system whose charge fluctuations are monitored by point contact allowing for the detection of both and transferred heat statistics. Our consists two nearby conductors that exchange energy via Coulomb interaction. In interfaces consisting capacitively coupled dots, transfer is discrete can be measured counting investigate gate-dependent deviations away from fluctuation theorem in presence local temperature gradients (hot spots). Non-universal relations found...

The electrons forming a Cooper pair in superconductor can be spatially separated preserving their spin entanglement by means of quantum dots coupled to both the and independent normal leads. We investigate thermoelectric properties such splitter demonstrate that cooling reservoir is an indication non-local correlations induced entangled electron pairs. Moreover, we show device operated as heat engine. Both refrigerator engine, reaches efficiencies close thermodynamic bounds. As such, our...

We consider an autonomous implementation of Maxwell's demon in a quantum dot architecture. As the original thought experiment, only second law thermodynamics is seemingly violated when disregarding demon. The architecture allows us to compare descriptions terms information more traditional, thermoelectric characterization. Our detailed investigation information-to-work conversion based on fluctuation relations and like inequalities addition average heat charge currents. By introducing...

Maxwell demons are creatures that imagined to be able reduce the entropy of a system without performing any work on it. Conventionally, such demon's intricate action consists measuring individual particles and subsequently feedback. We show much simpler setups can still act as demons: we demonstrate it is sufficient exploit nonequilibrium distribution seemingly break second law thermodynamics. propose both an electronic optical implementation this phenomenon, realizable with current technology.

Thermal machines perform useful tasks--such as producing work, cooling, or heating--by exchanging energy, and possibly additional conserved quantities such particles, with reservoirs. Here we consider thermal that more than one task simultaneously, terming these "hybrid machines". We outline their restrictions imposed by the laws of thermodynamics quantify performance in terms efficiencies. To illustrate full potential, reservoirs feature multiple quantities, described generalized Gibbs...

We discuss a quantum thermal machine that generates power from thermally driven double dot coupled to normal and superconducting reservoirs. Energy exchange between the dots is mediated by electron-electron interactions. can distinguish three main mechanisms within device operation modes. In Andreev tunneling regime, energy flows in presence of coherent superposition zero- two-particle states. Despite intrinsic electron-hole symmetry processes, we find heat engine efficiency increases with...

We analyze a mesoscopic conductor autonomously performing thermodynamically useful task, such as cooling or producing electrical power, in part of the system—the working substance—by exploiting another terminal set terminals—the resource—that contains stationary nonthermal (nonequilibrium) distribution. Thanks to properties resource, no exchange particles energy with substance is required fulfill task. This resembles action , long only average quantities are considered. Here, we go beyond...

We analyze a heat engine based on hot cavity connected via quantum wells to electronic reservoirs. discuss the output power as well efficiency both in linear and nonlinear regime. find that device delivers large of about 0.18 W cm−2 for temperature difference 1 K, nearly doubling can be extracted from similar dots. At same time, also has good albeit reduced dot case. Due level spacings achieved wells, our proposal opens route toward room-temperature applications nanoscale engines.

Tunneling in a quantum coherent structure is not restricted to only nearest neighbors. Hopping between distant sites possible via the virtual occupation of otherwise avoided intermediate states. Here we report observation long-range transitions transport through three dots coupled series. A single electron delocalized left and right dots, while center one remains always empty. Superpositions are formed, both charge spin exchanged outermost dots. The acts as bus transferring state from end...

We theoretically investigate the propagation of heat currents in a three-terminal quantum dot engine. Electron-electron interactions introduce state-dependent processes which can be resolved by energy-dependent tunneling rates. identify relevant transitions define operation system as thermal transistor or diode. In former case, thermal-induced charge fluctuations gate modify conductor with suppressed injection, resulting huge amplification factors and possible gating arbitrarily low energy...

Fluctuations are strong in mesoscopic systems and have to be taken into account for the description of transport. We show that they can even used as a resource operation system device. use physics single-electron tunneling propose bipartite device working thermal transistor. Charge heat currents two terminal conductor gated by fluctuations from third which it is capacitively coupled. The gate act switch injects neither charge nor energy hence achieving huge amplification factors. Non-thermal...