This paper presents the theory, design procedure, and implementation of a dual-band planar quadrature hybrid with enhanced bandwidth. The topology circuit is three-branch-line (3-BL) hybrid, which provides much larger flexibility to allocate desired operating frequencies necessary bandwidths than other previously published configurations. A performance comparison topologies presented. Finally, 3-BL for dual band (2.4 5 GHz) wireless local area network systems was fabricated, aimed cover...

We present the electro-thermo-mechanical constitutive relations, expanded up to third order, for a BAW resonator. The relations obtained are implemented into circuit model, which is validated with extensive linear and nonlinear measurements. mathematical analysis, along modeling, allows us identify dominant terms, material temperature derivatives two intrinsic explain, first time, all observable effects in resonator by use of unified physical description. Moreover, terms that responsible...

Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) resonators are essential components in modern RF communication systems due to their high selectivity and quality factor. However, spurious resonances caused by Lamb wave mode propagation along the in-plane directions degrade filter performance. Traditional Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations provide accurate modeling but computationally expensive, especially for arbitrarily shaped solidly mounted (SMRs), whose stack of materials is composed many thin layers...

This paper presents a comprehensive study of microwave nonlinearities in superconductors, with an emphasis on intermodulation distortion and third-harmonic generation. It contains the analysis various resonant nonresonant test devices its validation using numerical simulations based harmonic balance (HB). The HB made show that closed-form equations for generation are only valid at low power levels. also examples application to illustrate this technique is useful simulate superconductive...

This paper proposes a mechanism by which third-order intermodulation distortion, due to self-heating, is generated in transmission lines. work shows how lines made of several materials, whose properties are independent the electric and magnetic fields, can generate important levels distortion. A circuit model supported finite-element simulations presented account for temperature generation also its impact on nonlinear performance. Closed-form expressions used calculate products derived from...

We present a broadband on-wafer calibration from 45 MHz to 40 GHz for variable temperature measurements, which requires three standards: thru, reflect, and series resistor. At room temperature, the maximum error of this technique, compared benchmark nine-standard multiline thru-reflect-line (TRL) method, is comparable repeatability calibration. The series-resistor standard modeled as lumped-element -network, described by four frequency-independent parameters. show that model stable over...

This work presents the study of suspended Y-cut Lithium Niobate shear bulk acoustic resonators for wide band filter applications in frequency range 3.5-4.5GHz. The consist a film with Aluminum top interdigitated electrodes (IDE) and floating bottom metal plate. Through vertical electric field excitation, waves are generated each unit cell device functioning as quasi-independent resonator. Measured devices at 3.7GHz having large relative resonance-antiresonance bandwidth 16.7% (750MHz),...

This work expands the model proposed by Krimtholz, Leedom, and Matthaei (KLM) to account for nonlinear effects occurring in acoustic devices due stiffened elasticity. We show that a distributed capacitance transmission line of KLM can nature effects. Specifically, we use telegrapher's equation find closed-form equations intermodulation distortion harmonic generation. confirm validity these comparing their results with those provided equivalent circuit which is implemented cascading many <i...

This letter presents a novel approach for providing substrate-integrated waveguide tunable resonators by means of placing an additional metalized via-hole on the cavity. The contains open-loop slot top metallic wall. dimensions, position and orientation defines tuning range. Fabrication some designs reveals good agreement between simulation measurements. Additionally, preliminary prototype which sets manually is also presented, achieving continuous range 8%.

This work presents the complete synthesis procedure and circuit transformations needed to go from characteristic polynomials transversal network formed by electroacoustic resonators. filter topology allows possibility achieve any response in spite of limited coupling. is crucial for obtaining very wideband filters with arbitrary positions transmission zeros. Additional reveal flexibility such control other important parameters acoustic as impedance resonators their resonant frequencies,...

This paper presents a novel approach for tuning substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) resonators, realized by placing an additional metalized via-hole on the cavity.The presented here can be applied as trimming technique, well to develop filter designs with tunable center frequencies and bandwidths.Three different filters are designed implemented, demonstrating excellent trimming, 10% of frequency, 100% bandwidth respectively.

This work presents novel compact high-temperature superconductor microstrip resonators and filters based on the Hilbert space-filling fractal curve. Several resonator configurations have been assessed by using a full-wave electromagnetic simulator their miniaturization performance has investigated, emphasizing parameters which allow obtaining good tradeoff between size losses. These proved to be useful for filter design. A four-pole 2.45-GHz quasi-elliptic 1.9-GHz Chebyshev realized...

This paper shows the design of a dual-band Butler matrix aimed to cover bands corresponding standards IEEE802.11a/b, with particular interest in WLAN systems, at 2.4 GHz and 5 bands. Measurements individual components which compose are presented. Those are: quadrature hybrid 0 dB coupler. The phase shifter is also described. A final proposed measured. Over frequency range, exhibits errors couplings within 13.5/spl deg/ - 6.7 /spl plusmn/ 0.8 dB, respectively. performance prediction connected...

This paper gives closed-form equations for the intermodulation and third harmonic signals generated in a nonlinear transmission line with distributed quadratic nonlinearities conductor dielectric. Although formulation developed is general, it intended to be used planar devices combining high-temperature superconductor (HTS) oxide ferroelectrics. The analysis this shows that produced by an HTS tend cancel those of ferroelectric, full cancellation theoretically possible. opens way using...

This work presents the use of Harmonic Balance to simulate nonlinear behavior HTS transmission lines. Good agreement with theoretical cross-checks is found. We also show this algorithm fit model lines from experimental measurements. illustrate by fitting several types data, and discuss how avoid ambiguity in fitting.

This paper describes a procedure to obtain analytical expressions for the spurious signals generated in nonlinear transmission lines with impedance mismatch when they are subject small-signals. Using these one can rapidly extract parameters describing effects due conductor, <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> ( xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</i> ) and xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> , such as...

We propose a procedure to characterize the intrinsic nonlinearities of bulk acoustic wave resonators by performing one-port measurements second harmonic and second-order intermodulation spurious signals. Closed-form expressions have been derived that relate nonlinear stiffened elasticity with experimental observables. These formulas are valid in wide range frequencies around resonance verified circuit simulations. The measurement setup its effects also discussed our approach. Measurements...

This paper reports on a numerical technique to obtain the current distribution in annular bent sections of planar layouts. is used linear and nonlinear circuit distributed parameters modeling superconducting strip bend its impact intermodulation distortion. As an example, we analyze superconductive open-loop resonator assess contribution bends overall performance. These simulations are very useful for optimizing resonators filter order minimize distortion

We present a nonlinear model for Bulk Acoustic Wave resonators that combines different sources of nonlinearity by use device-independent material-specific parameters to predict intermodulation and harmonic generation. The accounts intrinsic nonlinearities due the stiffened elasticity thermal effects arise from temperature changes in sample driven an amplitude-modulated signal. Nonlinear aluminum nitride piezoelectric layer have been extracted are agreement with previously published results.

This paper presents the development of a comprehensive distributed circuit model to account for existing nonlinear effects in bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators. The comprehensiveness and its implementation allow inclusion occurring any layer BAW configuration, not only piezoelectric layer. has been applied evaluate contribution silicon dioxide (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) Bragg reflector. manifestations are...

We present a general procedure for calculating intermodulation distortion in coupled-resonator filters that allows one to predict the performance of nonlinear filter as function nodal matrix defining and material parameters cause behavior. It is valid almost any type distributed effects, including those produced by high-temperature superconductors, dielectrics such ferroelectrics, or superconductor/ferroelectric bilayers, it when spatial distribution nonlinearities not uniform. The has been...

This work presents a distributed nonlinear equivalent circuit to asses the intermodulation distortion (IMD) occurring in BAW resonator. Closed-form expressions for at 2f1-f2 are obtained. Comparisons between analytical and simulated results good agreement. Extension of this analysis could be used predict performance more complex systems using resonators, such as filters. Finally, measurements presented explained proposed approach.