A global-scale fate and transport model was applied to investigate the historic future trends in ambient concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) volatile sulfonyl fluoride (POSF)-based precursor compounds environment. First, a global emission inventory for PFOS its estimated period 1957−2010. We used this as input contaminant compared modeled with field data. The main focus simulations examine how respond major production phase-out that occurred 2000−2002. Modeled surface ocean...

Physicochemical properties (vapor pressure, aqueous solubility, octanol Henry's law constant, and octanol−air octanol−water partition coefficients) their temperature dependencies are required for fate modeling of environmental pollutants. To be internally consistent, measured values these often must adjusted. The goal adjusting the property consistency is to more accurately estimate true values. However, accuracy not synonymous. If there systematic errors in one property, then adjustment may...

Perfluorooctanoate (PFO) has recently been found in remote ocean water and Arctic samples, despite not having used significant quantities areas. Two main scenarios for the contamination of by PFO have suggested: (i) direct emissions oceanic transport to (ii) volatile precursor substances that are transported oxidized atmosphere form PFO, which is subsequently deposited Arctic. Focusing on atmospheric pathway, we compare importance fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs) perfluorooctyl...

A global multimedia model is used to calculate the fate of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in environment. Special emphasis given importance direct photolysis, which has been shown be an important degradation mechanism for highly brominated PBDEs and believed result formation lower-brominated PBDEs. We show that inclusion photolysis decreases overall persistence long-range transport potential most PBDEs, particular heavier ones. develop a PBDE emission inventory environmental...

Recently, increasing concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been observed in the sediment glacier-fed Lake Oberaar, Switzerland. Melting glaciers suggested as a secondary source POPs released to Alpine lakes. Here we further investigate whether climate warming may accelerate release previously deposited ("glacier hypothesis"). To test this hypothesis, dynamic multimedia mass balance model is developed for catchment area Oberaar and applied polychlorinated biphenyls...

This paper presents the first environmental life cycle analysis for a range of different confectionery products. A proposed Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach and multi-criteria decision (MCDA) was developed to characterise identify profiles hotspots five products; milk chocolate, dark sugar, chocolate biscuit milk-based The impact categories are based on Nestle's EcodEX LCA tool which includes Global Warming Potential (GWP), Abiotic Depletion (ADP), ecosystems quality, two new indicators...

Human milk and blood are monitored to detect time trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in humans. It is current practice use log-linear regression fit series averaged cross-sectional biomonitoring data, here referred as trend data (CSTD).The goals our study clarify the interpretation half-lives derived from fitting exponential functions declining CSTD provide a method estimating human elimination collected postban situation.We developed multi-individual pharmacokinetic model...

The global environmental fate model CliMoChem has been used to calculate concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its degradation products in the environment. To this end, best available physicochemical properties DDT have assembled, a realistic emission scenario covering period from 1940 2005 generated. Results are temporally geographically resolved DDT, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD) various media. confirm results with...

Present and future concentrations of DDT in the environment are calculated with global multimedia model CliMoChem. Monte Carlo simulations used to assess importance uncertainties substance property data, emission rates, environmental parameters for results. Uncertainties results, expressed as 95% confidence intervals various media, different geographical locations, at points time typically between 1 2 orders magnitude. An analysis rank correlations inputs predicted indicates that estimates...

The aim of the paper is to assess role and effectiveness a proposed novel strategy for Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data collection in food sector associated supply chains. study represents one first its type provides answers some key questions regarding process developed, managed implemented by multinational company across chain.An integrated LCI confectionery products was developed Nestlé, company. Some features includes (1) management implementation company; (2) types roles manage, provide...

Abstract Companies are increasingly setting greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets to align with the 1.5 °C goal of Paris Agreement. Currently, companies set these science-based (SBTs) for aggregate GHGs expressed in CO 2 -equivalent emissions. This approach does not specify which gases will be reduced and risk misalignment ambitious mitigation scenarios individual emissions mitigated at different rates. We propose that instead separate baskets GHGs, defined according atmospheric...

The dairy sector is urged to reduce environmental impacts, such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. But farms not only produce milk: surplus calves and culled cows also yield meat co-product. To split impacts between milk meat, a biophysical allocation method proposed by the International Dairy Federation (IDF) currently used. Its applicability with large meat-to-milk output ratios (beef-to-milk ratio, BMR) may be limited lead wrong conclusions when assessing GHG emissions mitigation measures...

A novel approach of modeling gas-particle partitioning using polyparameter linear free energy relationships (ppLFERs) is implemented into three different multimedia box models (the OECD Pov and LRTP screening tool (The Tool), ChemRange, CliMoChem) compared to approaches based on the octanol-air partition coefficient (KOA). In all models, calculated overall persistence not strongly influenced (differences <3%) by selected. The long-range transport potential (LRTP) more sensitive choice model....