A belief bias effect in syllogistic reasoning (Evans, Barston, & Pollard, 1983) is observed when subjects accept more valid than invalid arguments and believable unbelievable conclusions show greater overall accuracy judging with conclusions. The measured a contrast of contrasts, comparing the acceptance rates for We that use this measure entails assumption threshold model, which predicts linear receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). In 3 experiments, made "valid"/"invalid" responses to...

In recognition memory, a classic finding is that receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) are curvilinear. This has been taken to support the fundamental assumptions of signal detection theory (SDT) over discrete-state models such as double high-threshold model (2HTM), which predicts linear ROCs. Recently, however, Bröder and Schütz (2009) challenged this argument by noting most data on for SDT based have involved confidence ratings. The authors argued certain types rating scale usage may...

Conventionalist theories of scalar implicature differ from other accounts in that they predict strengthening embedded terms. Geurts and Pouscoulous (2009) argue experimental support for this prediction is largely based on sentence comprehension tasks inflate the frequency with which terms like 'some' are strengthened. Using a picture verification task, observed no scalars. We present data multiple-choice task more sensitive to interpretation preferences, find readers do show preference...

Distress tolerance (DT), or the ability to withstand psychological distress, is a popular construct in literature. However, research has not specified nomological network of DT across self-report measures. The purpose current investigation was understand what personality features, environmental stressors, affective states, and behaviors contribute two different samples: college students those residential substance use treatment. Correlations revealed that self-reported most strongly...

To examine the utility of equal-variance signal detection theory (EVSDT) for evaluating and understanding human phishing spear-phishing e-mail scams.Although majority cybersecurity breaches are due to erroneous responses deceptive e-mails, it is unclear how best quantify performance in this context. In particular, whether equal variances can safely be assumed SDT model, or, relatedly, degree targeting, or threat level, primarily affects mean separation evidence variability.Through an online...

In the infant mental health field, scant conceptual attention has been given to coparenting and family adaptations of non-white systems, with no evidence-based, community-informed interventions responsive unmarried Black mothers' fathers' life circumstances. This study examined 1-year post-partum child outcomes a novel, modest dosage (six sessions) prenatal focused consultation (FCC) using randomized controlled trial methodology. One-hundred-thirty-eight expectant families (one or both...

Visual memory can draw upon averaged perceptual representations, a dependence that could be both adaptive and obligatory. In support of this idea, we review wide range evidence, including findings from our own lab. This evidence shows time- space-averaged representations influence detection recognition responses, do so without instruction to compute or report an average. Some the work reviewed exploits fine-grained measures retrieval visual short-term closely track stored averages on recall...

Reliance on remembered facts or events requires memory for their sources, that is, the contexts in which those were embedded. Understanding of source retrieval has been stymied by fact uncontrolled fluctuations attention during encoding can cloud results key importance to theoretical development. To address this issue, we combined electrophysiology (high-density electroencephalogram, EEG, recordings) with computational modeling behavioral results. We manipulated subjects’ an auditory...

This study examines the efficacy of a prenatal intervention designed to promote healthy coparenting relationships in families where low-income, unmarried mothers and fathers were expecting first baby together. One hundred thirty-eight Black mixed-race mother-father dyads participated. Coparent randomly assigned either treatment as usual (TAU) group, receiving referrals navigation support existing community services (control), or TAU plus invitation series six dyadic Focused Coparenting...