A5086225902- Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
- Mycobacterium research and diagnosis
- Vector-borne infectious diseases
- Mosquito-borne diseases and control
- Viral Infections and Vectors
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Insect symbiosis and bacterial influences
- Respiratory viral infections research
- SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing
- Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
- Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Healthcare Systems and Reforms
- Viral Infections and Immunology Research
- Trypanosoma species research and implications
- Zoonotic diseases and public health
- Vector-Borne Animal Diseases
University of Utah
2023-2025
Stanford University
2019-2024
University of Utah Health Care
2024
Stanford Medicine
2021
Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados
2021
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
2021
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
2021
Yale University
2014-2019
Southern Connecticut State University
2019
Leoni (Germany)
2016
NK cells are critical in the early containment of viral infections. Epidemiological and functional studies have shown an important role expressing specific killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but little is known about mechanisms that determine expansion these antiviral cell populations during acute HIV-1 infection. Here we demonstrate activating receptor KIR3DS1(+) and, to a lesser extent, inhibitory KIR3DL1(+)...
Background It has been hypothesized that prisons serve as amplifiers of general tuberculosis (TB) epidemics, but there is a paucity data on this phenomenon and the potential population-level effects prison-focused interventions. This study (1) quantifies TB risk for prisoners they traverse incarceration release, (2) mathematically models impact prison-based interventions burden in population, (3) generalizes model to wide range epidemiological contexts. Methods findings We obtained...
Favipiravir, an oral, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, has in vitro activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite limited data, favipiravir is administered to patients with disease 2019 (COVID-19) several countries.We conducted a phase 2, double-blind, randomized controlled outpatient trial of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic adults positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse-transcription chain reaction assay (RT-PCR) within 72 hours enrollment....
Recent rises in incident tuberculosis (TB) cases Paraguay and the increasing concentration of TB within prisons highlight urgency targeting strategies to interrupt transmission prevent new infections. However, whether specific cities or carceral institutions play a disproportionate role remains unknown. We conducted prospective genomic surveillance, sequencing 471 Mycobacterium complex genomes, from inside outside Paraguay's two largest urban areas, Asunción Ciudad del Este, 2016 2021. found...
The increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) among people deprived liberty (PDL) is due to individual and institution-level factors. We followed a cohort PDL from 5 prisons in Paraguay describe the TB during incarceration after they were released. linked 2013 national census with records Program 2010 2021 identify notifications incarcerated formerly individuals. used multivariable Cox regression models quantify following factors associated TB. Among 2996 individuals incarcerated, 451 (15.1%)...
Globally, prisons are high-incidence settings for tuberculosis. Yet the role of as reservoirs M. tuberculosis, propagating epidemics through spillover to surrounding communities, has been difficult measure directly.To quantify in driving wider community tuberculosis transmission, we conducted prospective genomic surveillance Central West Brazil from 2014 2019. We whole genome sequenced 1152 isolates collected during active and passive inside outside linked genomes detailed incarceration...
Rapid and accurate retrieval of whole genome sequences human pathogens from disease vectors or animal reservoirs will enable fine-resolution studies pathogen epidemiological evolutionary dynamics. However, next generation sequencing technologies have not yet been fully harnessed for the study vector-borne zoonotic pathogens, due to difficulty obtaining high-quality sequence data directly field specimens with a high ratio host DNA.We addressed this challenge by using custom probes multiplexed...
Hosts including humans, other vertebrates, and arthropods, are frequently infected with heterogeneous populations of pathogens. Within-host pathogen diversity has major implications for human health, epidemiology, evolution. However, within-hosts is difficult to characterize little known about the levels sources within-host maintained in natural disease vectors. Here, we examine genomic variation Lyme bacteria, Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), 98 individual field-collected tick vectors as a model...
Modelling the spatial spread of vector-borne zoonotic pathogens maintained in enzootic transmission cycles remains a major challenge. The best available spatio-temporal data on pathogen often take form human disease surveillance data. By applying classic ecological approach-occupancy modelling-to an epidemiological question spread, we used to examine latent invasion tick-borne pathogens. Over last half-century, previously undescribed including agents Lyme and babesiosis have rapidly across...
Tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) vector pathogenic trypanosomes (Trypanosoma in sub-Saharan Africa. These parasites cause human and animal African trypanosomiases, which are debilitating diseases that inflict an enormous socio-economic burden on inhabitants of endemic regions. Current disease control strategies rely primarily treating infected animals reducing tsetse population densities. However, relevant programs costly, labor intensive difficult to sustain. As such, novel aimed at competence...
Pathogen genomic data are increasingly used to characterize global and local transmission patterns of important human pathogens inform public health interventions. Yet, there is no current consensus on how measure variation. To test the effect variant-identification approach inferences for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we conducted an experiment in which five epidemiology groups applied pipelines same outbreak sequence data. We compared variants identified by each group addition phylogenetic...
Emerging fungal pathogens, such as Coccidioides, the causative agent of Valley fever, pose significant clinical and public health challenges. While advances in genomic epidemiology have enhanced our understanding Coccidioides evolutionary history, lack standardized tools for variant identification makes it difficult to draw comparisons between studies. To address this gap, we developed benchmarked a novel, publicly available pipeline, cocci-call, designed genome-wide species assignment. We...
Abstract Background Mixed infection with multiple strains of the same pathogen in a single host can present clinical and analytical challenges. Whole genome sequence (WGS) data identify signals samples, though precision previous methods be improved. Here, we MixInfect2, new tool to accurately detect mixed samples from Mycobacterium tuberculosis short-read WGS data. We then evaluate three approaches for reconstructing underlying constituent strain sequences. This allows these included...
Abstract Background Mixed infection with multiple strains of the same pathogen in a single host can present clinical and analytical challenges. Whole genome sequence (WGS) data identify signals samples, though precision previous methods be improved. Here, we MixInfect2, new tool to accurately detect mixed samples from Mycobacterium tuberculosis WGS data. We then evaluate three approaches for reconstructing underlying constituent strain sequences. This allows these included downstream...
Babesia microti is an emerging tick-borne apicomplexan parasite with increasing geographic range and incidence in the United States. The rapid expansion of B. into its current distribution northeastern USA has been due to tick vector, Ixodes scapularis, upon which causative agent dependent for transmission humans.To reconstruct history continental clarify evolutionary origin human strains, we used multiplexed hybrid capture 25 isolates obtained from I. scapularis blood. Despite low genomic...
BACKGROUND: TB notifications in Latin American prisons have more than doubled over the past two decades; however, treatment outcomes and their determinants among incarcerated individuals this region are not well understood.METHODS: Newly diagnosed drug-susceptible cases reported to Brazil´s Information System for Notifiable Diseases (Sistema de Informação Agravos Notificação, SINAN) between January 2015 December 2017 were included. Multivariate logistic regression was used assess...
Importance The COVID-19 pandemic has led to 775 million documented cases and over 7 deaths worldwide as of March 2024 is an ongoing health crisis. To limit viral spread within households in the community, public officials have recommended self-isolation, self-quarantine exposed household contacts, mask use. Yet, risk transmission (HHT) may be underestimated due low frequency sampling, factors for HHT are not well understood. Objectives estimate secondary attack rate SARS-CoV-2 define new...