Objective: This paper investigates the impact of carbonation and sulfuric acid attack on concrete pipes with chitosan addition. Theoretical Framework: The structures results in a decrease durability service life such as sewage oil wells represents substantial environmental social concern. ...

We have investigated the lithographic generation of TiO(x) nanostructures on Si(100) via electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID) titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in ultra-high vacuum (UHV) by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and local Auger spectroscopy (AES). In addition, fabricated were also characterized ex situ atomic force (AFM) under ambient conditions. EBID, a highly focused beam is used to locally decompose precursor molecules thereby generate deposit. A drawback this...

Polynomial matrix singular value decomposition (PSVD) plays a very important role in broadband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. It can be used to decompose MIMO channel order recover the transmitted signals corrupted by interference (CI) at receiver. In this paper, novel algorithm, known as multiple shift second sequential best rotation (MS-SBR2), is proposed compute approximate PSVD. Simulations are implemented under (2 × 2) optical model. Bit error rate (BER) performances...

Within the last years multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has revolutionized optical fiber community.Theoretically, concept of MIMO is well understood and shows some similarities to wireless systems.The interference in broadband systems can be removed by applying a spatio-temporal vector coding (STVC) channel description using singular value decomposition (SVD) combination with signal pre-and post-processing.In this contribution newly developed SVD algorithm for polynomial...

The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has attracted a lot of interest in the optical fiber community: MIMO allows higher data rates with no loss regarding bandwidth and transmit power. inherent interferences within system call for appropriate signal processing strategies. Polynomial schemes such as polynomial matrix singular value decomposition (PMSVD) have research since they do not require any block transmission compared spatio-temporal vector coding (STVC). In comparison to...

Superimposed temperature variations and dynamic strain applied through a 400 Hz acoustic signal on 195 m single-mode fiber section are successfully measured using coherent correlation optical time domain reflectometry as an interrogator.

Singular-value decomposition (SVD) is well-established in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing where a broadband MIMO channel transformed into number of weighted single-input single-output (SISO) channels. However, applying SVD to frequency-selective channels results unequally SISO requiring complex resource allocation techniques for optimizing the performance. Therefore, different approach utilizing polynomial matrix singular-value (PMSVD) removing interference studied,...

In this paper multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing is investigated for fibre optic sensor applications. A (2 × 2) MIMO implementation realized by using lower-order and higher-order mode groups of a graded-index (GI) multi-mode (MMF) as separate transmission channels. micro-bending pressure changes these characteristics introduces additional crosstalk. By observing the weight-factors system amount load applied was determined. Experiments verified good correlation between...

Within the last years multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission has reached a lot of attention in optical fibre community. Theoretically, concept MIMO is well understood. However, practical implementations components are focus interest for further computer simulations. That's why this contribution specific impulse responses (2 × 2) channel, including 1.4 km multi-mode and couplers at both ends, measured operating wavelengths 1326 nm 1576 nm. Since semiconductor diode lasers, capable...

Polynomial matrix singular value decomposition (PMSVD) plays a very important role in broadband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. It can be used to decompose MIMO channel order recover the transmitted signals corrupted by interference (CI) at receiver. In this contribution (SVD) algorithm for polynomial matrices are analyzed and compared application of decomposing optical channels. The bit-error rate (BER) performance is evaluated optimized applying bit power allocation schemes....

The use of optical fiber as sensor well transmission medium for sensing data is discussed, enabling the optically active sensors without power supply at distances tens kilometers. Depending on interrogation system, a spatial resolution less than millimeter can be achieved. basic principle time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) with direct detection or coherent Rayleigh back-scattered Fresnel reflected signal. Spatial improved by cross-correlation between transmitted sequence and received signals.

Distributed fiber sensing based on correlation-aided phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry is presented. The focus correlation as an enabler for high spatial resolution. Results from different applications are

A deployed fiber with in-house and underground sections is interrogated a coherent correlation OTDR. The origin propagation speed of hammer-generated pressure wave in the section detected acoustic signals are monitored.

No contexto dos sistemas elétricos, as linhas de transmissão (LTs) são particularmente vulneráveis a falhas, que podem ser causadas por eventos como descargas atmosféricas, ventos fortes e queimadas. Durante essas presença altas correntes ionização gases levar à formação um arco elétrico. As manobras religamento têm papel crucial na extinção rápida eficaz desses arcos. Contudo, para garantir eficácia dessas manobras, é fundamental entender características os fatores envolvidos formação,...

Pairing coherent correlation OTDR with low-complexity analysis methods, we investigate the detection of fast temperature changes and vibrations in optical fibers. A localization accuracy ~2 m extraction vibration amplitudes frequencies is demonstrated.

We report on methods to monitor the transmission path in optical networks using a correlation-based OTDR technique with direct and coherent detection. A high probing symbol rate can provide picosecond-accuracy of fiber propagation delay, while sensitive phase detection repetition allows monitoring dynamic effects vicinity fiber. discuss various approaches evaluate measured traces show results few applications.

Interference in frequency-selective multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems can be removed by applying a block-transmission description based on spatio-temporal vector coding and using singular value decomposition (SVD). In this contribution newly developed SVD algorithm for polynomial matrices (PMSVD) is analyzed compared to the commonly used SVD-based MIMO equalization. Since PMSVD processing results independent single-input single-output layers exhibiting characteristic, simple zero...

The multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) concept is of high interest in fiber-optic communication since it able to overcome the capacity limits current transmission systems. In this work different receiver-side interference compensation techniques are studied a spatially multiplexed through 0.5 km multi-mode fiber with gross bit-rate 5 Gbps using intensity modulation and direct detection. Broadband successive cancellation (SIC) broadband zero forcing (ZF) equalization compared as electronic...