A prospective radiographic study of 160 volunteers without symptoms spinal disease was conducted.The objective this to describe, quantify, and classify common variations in the sagittal alignment spine, sacrum, pelvis.Previous publications have documented high degree variability spine. Other studies suggested that specific changes characteristics lumbar lordosis are responsible for degenerative symptomatic back pain.In course study, anteroposterior lateral radiographs a standardized standing...

Objective: The purpose of this study is to introduce a method analyze and characterize the global sagittal balance human trunk using indexes derived from shape orientation pelvis cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine. Methods: Standing lateral x-rays cohort 160 asymptomatic young adult volunteers were obtained. On each radiograph, simplified model spine was created dedicated computer software, following variables calculated at anatomic level: pelvic incidence, tilt, sacral slope, cervical...

In Brief Study Design. Prospective study of the sagittal plane alignment spine and pelvis in normal pediatric population. Objectives. To document its change during growth Summary Background Data. Pelvic morphology as well population are poorly defined literature. Methods. Five parameters were evaluated on lateral standing radiographs 180 participants 4 to 18 years age: thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, incidence. Statistical analysis was performed using...

In Brief Study Design. A retrospective study of the sagittal alignment in developmental spondylolisthesis. Objectives. To investigate role pelvic anatomy and its effect on global balance trunk Summary Background Data. Pelvic incidence (PI) is a fundamental anatomic parameter that specific constant for each individual, independent three-dimensional orientation pelvis. Recent studies have suggested an association between high PI patients with isthmic Methods. The lateral standing radiographs...

In Brief Study Design. A radiographic study of 82 patients with L5–S1 spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis less than 50% displacement L5 on S1. Objective. To measure and describe the sagittal alignment spine pelvis in before development a large secondary deformity associated progression spondylolisthesis. Summary Background Data. Several publications have addressed as an important factor occurrence, symptomatology, progression, treatment our knowledge, this is first report to systematically...

In Brief Study Design. A radiographic study of 153 normal volunteers. Objectives. 1) To test the hypothesis that vertical projection sum ground reactive forces a standing patient is located in same place sagittal plane as C7 plumb line; 2) to determine if there are consistent geometric relationships between location top spine and pelvis occur individuals without symptoms back pain or evidence deformity. Summary Background Data. Defining optimal state spinal balance difficult. full...

In Brief Study Design. Retrospective review of a radiographic database high-grade spondylolisthesis patients in comparison with asymptomatic controls. Objective. To analyze the sagittal spinopelvic alignment and identify subgroups that may require reduction to restore balance. Summary Background Data. High-grade is associated an abnormally high pelvic incidence (PI); however, spatial orientation pelvis, determined by sacral slope (SS) tilt (PT), not known. We hypothesized spinal would vary...

In Brief Study Design. Prospective study of normal sagittal global spinal balance in the Caucasian adult population. Objective. To document values for parameters 709 asymptomatic adults without pathology. Summary Background Data. Previous studies have investigated population, but there is still a need large prospective database with normative on basis gender and age. Methods. Spinosacral angle (SSA), tilt (ST), C7 translation ratio were evaluated (354 males 355 females). Position plumbline...

Objective: The accurate measurement of spinal and pelvic alignment in the sagittal plane is prime importance for various disorders. Pelvic incidence (PI) a fundamental anatomic parameter that specific constant each adult individual related to orientation as well size lumbar lordosis (LL). It summation sacral slope (SS) tilt (PT), two position-dependent variables determine plane. authors have proposed computer software designed measure PI, SS, PT, LL, thoracic kyphosis (TK) on standardized...

The tangent circles technique has been proposed as an alternative to the Cobb angle assess sagittal curves of spine. However, it never compared directly technique. This study compares reproducibility and clinical relevance maximum techniques.Standing radiographs spine 10 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, healthy were used. Thoracic kyphosis (TK) lumbar lordosis (LL) measured by 3 observers using techniques. Intra- interobserver intraclass correlation coefficients...