Theories of criminality are derived from distinct images human behavior. A theory's scientific value is a function the validity these images. Six types "monistic" theory distinguishable on basis their imagery. "Integrative" theories, which evoke complex image to unite data underlying diverse monistic more useful than "pluralistic" preserve Criticisms "differential association" as an integrative avoided by identification" criminality.

It was hypothesized that prior failure to find marked relationships between crime and economic conditions reflect the countervailing influences of an inverse relationship juvenile criminality with unemployment a direct offenses by adults unemployment. Crude data for United States, somewhat more adequate Chicago, Boston, Cincinnati, largely support hypotheses. is suggested conversion criminality, interpreted Merton Social Structure Anomie paradigm, best explains these findings, provides...

that the suggested scheme encompasses questions of rationality or irrationality without presuming either. Argument by example, however, is at best only a starting point for scientific understanding and collection evidence. Two factors make organizational goal-setting in complex society big research topic: multiplicity large organizations diverse type necessity studying them diachronic perspective. We hope our discussion will encourage critical thinking sharing observations about subject.

"Prediction tables" may be defined as any compilation of statistics on the postrelease behavior offenders who are dif ferentiated basis prior information or judgment. These tables vary greatly in complexity, but all can indicate to judges and parole boards prognostic value some presentence prerelease case evaluation.

This article examines the effect of two different social housing systems on housing-market characteristics and affordability using a case study Berlin Vienna. Despite comparable framework conditions, both cities pursued very policies. While are currently challenged by growing populations rising house prices, we show that Vienna is more successful in providing affordable as it has created effective institutions to attract retain private actors this sector. In Berlin, contrast, current crisis...

THIS study is predicated on Ohlin's thesis: The greatest increases in predictive accuracy will undoubtedly depend securing better factors rather than refining the techniques and methods of prediction work. 1 New factors, formulated for present study, as well used earlier studies, were tested 4448 inmates paroled during decade 1940-49 from Pontiac Branch Illinois State Penitentiary. This an institution prisoners classified young improvable. mean age at parole was 24.1 years average time...

With prison, jail, and probation caseloads overloaded, financial penalties appeal as alternative sanctions. Using data for cases sentenced in municipal courts, this paper presents regression analyses suggesting that judges tended to employ rational discretion imposing economic sanctions, monetary assessments without jail were most likely be given low‐risk offenders assignment of alone terms was strongly influenced by offense. The amount the sanction also significantly related type crime....

Marijuana use among recent alumni reflects prior diffusion of a student subculture with variety correlated norms and values. Constraints family job, change associates after graduation, foster cessation such drug more often than complete from the other values this subculture. Diffusion educated young adults off campus is evident in many not much involved as students, especially those who are late starters at marijuana use. Twice high rate volunteering for interviews was elicited long-term...

Psychiatric Studies of Borstal Lads , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران

Journal Article Differential Association and Criminological Prediction Get access Daniel Glaser University of Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 8, Issue 1, Summer 1960, Pages 6–14, https://doi.org/10.2307/798625 Published: 07 August 2014

attempted suicides. Negroes and Indians have a low incidence of completed suicide high suicide. 5. The highest rates by marital status are for the divorced. Married people lowest suicides, widowed 6. white collar occupations lower suicides than blue occupations. 7. No consistent patterns found in seasonal daily variations 8. For both males tend to utilize more violent means methods females. By developing completion index, which relates plus it was possible isolate statistically an efficiency...

One of the most widely studied problems intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning problem is fluence map optimization (FMO) problem, determining amount intensity, or fluence, each beamlet in beam. For a given set beams, fluences beamlets can drastically affect quality plan, and thus it critical to obtain good maps for delivery. Although several approaches have been shown yield solutions FMO these are not guaranteed be optimal. This shortcoming attributed either model...

Comparison of addicted and non-addicted siblings in a slum area supports an ideographic "relative deprivation-differential anticipation" explanation for current opiate addiction the United States. The major sibling differences were addicts' greater participation street life at early age lesser work schooling, despite as high or higher aspirations ostensibly similar home settings parental relationships. anomie alienation may be more consequence than cause this. What seems to have insulated...