The deployment of Electric Vehicles (EVs) needs an optimized and cost-effective implementation charging stations. As a decision support tool for network design, we define methodology to allocate stations in real network. This study uses trip OD matrix information from household travel survey coupled with dynamic vehicle model evaluate EVs consumption based on realistic trips (urban drive cycles). These are computed routing tools supplied elevation information. enables accurate...

To reduce fuel consumption in the transportation sector research focuses mainly on development of more efficient drive train technologies and alternative designs. Another immidiately applicable way found to road vehicles is change vehicle operation such that system efficiency maximized. The concept Eco-driving refers driver behavior a saving or generally an energy way. In this paper optimized using dynamic programming optimization approach. Given cycle so called `eco-drive cycle' identified...

Electro-mobility is increasing significantly in the urban public transport and continues to face important challenges. Electric bus fleets require high performance extended longevity of lithium-ion battery at highly variable temperature different operating conditions. On other hand, operators are more concerned about reducing operation maintenance costs, which affects aging cost represents a significant economic parameter for deployment electric fleets. This paper introduces methodological...

The energy storage is key issue for traction applications like electric vehicles (EVs) or hybrid (HEVs). Indeed, it needs a higher power and density, weak bulk size, long lifetime low cost. A system (ESS) using batteries super capacitors, seems to be good device answer these constraints. objective of the paper study influence control strategies this ESS. according used strategy, association can more less interesting compared an ESS only composed batteries. Three are proposed.

This paper focuses on an analysis of technical requirements for the design a permanent-magnet-type electric variable transmission (PM-EVT), which is novel series-parallel hybrid vehicle (HEV) powertrain concept. Similar to planetary gear train used in Toyota Prius II, EVT also realizes power-split function. However, it implemented electromagnetic way rather than mechanical way, as case II with gear. In this paper, procedure define presented. Since well-known HEV, chosen reference. The...

A hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of electrochemical batteries and supercapacitors is considered. The aim to manage the peak power thus increase lifetime battery. control scheme this HESS obtained by inversion its energetic macroscopic representation. This enables different management strategies using a distribution input share between both devices. switching strategy frequency have been tested same scheme. flexible has validated in real time hardware-in-the-loop simulation...

Automotive engineers and researchers have proposed different topologies for series-parallel hybrid electric vehicles (SP-HEVs). The Toyota Hybrid System (THS) is the best known SP-HEV-based vehicle, but alternative solutions, such as variable transmission (EVT), been also proposed. An efficient comparison between these solutions a key point to estimate added value of each topology. This paper presents application optimal control two architectures efficiency assessment purposes. dynamic...

A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a combination of two power sources: one unidirectional source based on an internal combustion engine (ICE) (gasoline or diesel fueled), and the other bidirectional batteries energy storage subsystem, plus machines (EMs). No matter how these sources are combined, has same basic flow. From this point view, just model for different architectures possible. Thereby, simulation by only unique program vehicles can be done, thus making comparison easier. To...

Real-time energy management of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is a key point for performing effective fuel economy optimization. Offline methods have been developed optimization when the drive cycle known. Online real-time can provide good results but only ensure suboptimal management. In this paper, it assumed that information about route available in advance. Using knowledge, global be used control to approach optimal consumption while keeping state charge <formula formulatype="inline"...

The energy storage is a key issue for traction applications like Electric Vehicles (EVs) or Hybrid (HEVs). Indeed, it needs higher power and density, right size, long lifetime low cost. A Energy Storage System (HESS) using batteries supercapacitors seems to be an appropriate device fulfill these constraints. objective of the paper propose different management strategies HESS supercapacitors. Four elaborated control are proposed. Different compared on criteria: electric consumption, sizing,...

This paper presents an optimisation method based on dynamic programming, concerning the elaboration of energy management laws for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The objective is to minimise fuel consumption a-known-in-advance driving schedule normalised or actual conditions (offline process). An tool implementing this has been developed, called KOALA. It allows short computation times, and flexible as it us code new architectures easily. main outcome KOALA comparison different HEVs with...

For hybrid vehicles, it is difficult to obtain realistic component models and actual interaction between subsystems without carrying out experiments. INRETS has performed a coupled approach associating simulation using its in house VEHLIB software together with experimental validation. This paper highlights the evaluation modelling of Toyota Hybrid Systems (THS) used 2004 Prius vehicle. First, ICE, battery, boost converter, strategy validation process useful model vehicle are examined. Then...

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Certain difficulties arise when attempting to model a clutch in power train transmission due its nonlinear behavior. Two different states have be taken into account—the first being the is locked and second slipping. In this paper, developed using Energetic Macroscopic Representation, which is, turn, used modeling of complete hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). models are used, specific condition...

A hybrid energy storage system for electric vehicle using supercapacitors and a battery is studied. Using energetic macroscopic representation formalism, an inversion-based control (IBC) can be deduced. comparison between IBC two other schemes performed within practical aspect. Simulation experimental tests with reduced-scale test bed are provided real driving cycle of car. The results point out more effective behaviour the than in terms dynamical response.

A way to improve existing hybrid vehicles is by globally optimizing the design of their components in relation actual use. This paper proposes a global optimal method for power-split electric (PS-HEVs) equipped with an variable transmission (EVT). genetic algorithm used optimize system parameters. The process includes discrete dynamic programming (DDP) energy management. optimization focuses on minimizing fuel consumption and number battery cells. Pareto fronts are depicted compared...

The driving range of electric vehicles is an important issue. velocity profile can have impact on their energy consumption and thus range. In this paper, a commercial vehicle studied. model its traction subsystems developed using forward approach. A specific cycle generator then coupled with model. feedback from the to allows for recalculation reference in case limitation due electrical drives, more accurate estimation consumption. Different trips are studied method. maximal has strong while...

Silicon carbide (SiC) power semiconductor devices are known to have potential benefits over conventional silicon (Si) devices, particularly in high applications such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Recent literature studying the use of SiC JFETs HEV inverters indicate a substantially increased gas mileage. This paper further investigates this change inverter efficiency due adoption using analytical loss models and empirical data obtained from experimental Cree 1200V 10A DMOSFETs Schottky...