Liquid-ordered lipid domains represent a lateral inhomogeneity in cellular membranes. These have elastic and physicochemical properties different from those of the surrounding membrane. In particular, their thickness exceeds that disordered Thus, deformations arise at domain boundary order to compensate for mismatch. equilibrium, lead an incomplete register monolayer ordered domains: energy is minimal if opposing monolayers lie on top each other, boundaries are laterally shifted by about 3...

Amphipathic alpha-helical peptides, among other peripheral components of plasma membranes, are promising antimicrobial agents. Partial incorporation a peptide into lipid monolayer causes elastic deformations. Deformations induced by two peptides distant from each independent; when get closer, interference between the deformations effective lateral interaction. We quantified energy membrane for arbitrary configuration amphipathic on surface. The global minimum deformation proved to be...

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have intrigued researchers for decades due to the contradiction between their high potential against resistant bacteria and inability find a structure-function relationship development of an effective non-toxic agent. In present study companion paper [Phys. Rev. E (2024)], we performed comprehensive experimental theoretical analysis various aspects AMP-membrane interactions AMP-induced pore formation. Using well-known melittin magainin as examples, showed, using...

Amphipathic peptides are considered promising antibiotics because of their ability to form pores in bacterial membranes. In two companion papers, we analyzed both experimentally and theoretically the mechanisms consequences interaction types amphipathic (magainin melittin) with lipid We studied this for different peptide concentration: low, high, low concentration followed by addition high concentration. Here provide theoretical description pore formation mechanisms. predicted that molecules...

Probing absolute values of spin polarization at the nanoscale offers insight into fundamental mechanisms spin-dependent transport. Employing Zeeman splitting in superconducting tips (Meservey-Tedrow-Fulde effect), we introduce a novel spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy that combines probing capability with precise control atomic scale. We utilize our approach to measure locally resolved magnetic Co nanoislands on Cu(111). find is enhanced by 65% when increasing width tunnel barrier...

Various cellular processes require the concerted cooperative action of proteins. The possibility for such synchronization implies occurrence specific long-range interactions between involved protein participants. Bilayer lipid membranes can mediate protein-protein via relatively elastic deformations induced by incorporated We considered transmembrane peptides mediated using framework theory elasticity membranes. An effective peptide shape was assumed to be cylindrical, hourglass-like, or...

The properties of geometrically confined superconductors significantly differ from their bulk counterparts. Here, we demonstrate the geometrical impact for superconducting scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) tips, where confinement ranges atomic to mesoscopic scale. To this end, compare experimentally determined magnetic field dependence several vanadium tips microscopic calculations based on Usadel equation. For our theoretical model a cone, find direct correlation between geometry and...

Thickness of lipid bilayer membranes is a key physical parameter determining membrane permeability and stability with respect to formation through pores. Most inclusions or impurities like amphipathic peptides, transmembrane different molecular shape, domains, protein-lipid locally deform the membrane. The detailed structure deformed region kind “fingerprint” for inclusion type. However, most experimental methods allow only averaged parameters incorporated inclusions, thus preventing direct...

Gramicidin A (gA) is a short hydrophobic β-helical peptide that forms cation-selective channels in lipid membranes the course of transbilayer dimerization. The length gA helix smaller than thickness typical monolayer. Consequently, elastic deformations membrane arise configurations monomers, conducting dimer, and intermediate state coaxial pair, where monomers from opposing monolayers are located one on top other. channel characterized by average lifetime state. properties influence...

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered prospective antibiotics. Some AMPs fight bacteria via cooperative formation of pores in their plasma membranes. Most at working concentrations can induce lysis eukaryotic cells as well. Gramicidin A (gA) is a peptide, the transmembrane dimers which form cation-selective channels It highly toxic for mammalians being majorly hydrophobic gA incorporates and induces leakage both bacterial cell Both pore-forming deform membrane. Here we suggest...

The lipid matrix of cellular membranes is an elastic liquid crystalline medium. Its deformations regulate the functionality and interactions membrane proteins,f membrane-bound peptides, protein-lipid domains. Gramicidin A (gA) a peptide, which incorporates into leaflets as monomer may form transmembrane dimer. In both configurations, gA deforms membrane. dimer cation-selective ion channel. electrical response strongly depends on properties deform differently; therefore, energy contributes to...

Lipids and proteins of plasma membranes eukaryotic cells are supposed to form protein-lipid domains, characterized by a different molecular order, bilayer thickness, elastic parameters. Several mechanisms preferable distribution transmembrane the ordered or disordered membrane domains have been revealed. The mismatch between length protein domain hydrophobic thickness lipid is considered be an important driving force lateral sorting. Utilizing continuum theory elasticity, we analyzed optimal...

Enveloped viruses include the most dangerous human and animal pathogens, in particular coronavirus, influenza virus, immunodeficiency virus (HIV). For these viruses, receptor binding entry are accomplished by a single viral envelope protein (termed fusion protein), structural changes of which trigger remodeling merger target cellular membranes. The number proteins required for activity is still under debate, several studies report this value to range from 1 9 type I proteins. Here, we...

A wide class of antimicrobial amphipathic peptides is aimed to selectively form through pores in bacterial membranes. The partial incorporation the into lipid monolayer leads elastic deformation membrane. influences both adsorption and their lateral interaction. Detailed study pore formation mechanisms requires an accurate determination surface concentration at given bulk concentration. Widely used methods register are atomic force microscopy (AFM), plasmon resonance refractometry (SPRR),...

Gramicidin A is a natural antimicrobial peptide produced by Bacillus brevis. Its transmembrane dimer cation-selective ion channel. The channel characterized the average lifetime of conducting state and monomer-dimer equilibrium constant. Dimer formation accompanied deformations membrane. We theoretically studied how asymmetry in lipid membrane monolayers influences gramicidin calculated spontaneous curvature and/or lateral tension changes shifts constant dimerization/dissociation process....

The article shows that at present there is no generally accepted definition of the innovative environment in scientific circulation, which fully reveals its substantive characteristics. author's concept "innovative environment" proposed. On basis analysis statistical data, positive and negative aspects innovation Republic Belarus have been identified. It shown formation an important factor sustainable growth national economy. A set measures proposed to develop environment, create conditions...

The authors present their approach to the development and assessment of ecosystem startups economic efficiency, which combines theory innovation pipe lean manufacturing