Over the past few years, renewable energy subsidies have become one of main sources trade disputes in WTO. A total six cases been initiated against subsidy programs since first such was brought by Japan Canada’s Feed Tariff (FIT) program 2010. Yet not even a single case has so far much larger and environmentally harmful fossil fuel subsidies. The objective this paper is to examine what makes vulnerable WTO dispute, as compared

This study examines and explores the contribution of an energy-optimized urban planning approach to efficient resource use in context Dhaka city, Bangladesh. A conceptual energy optimization model called “EnUp” has been developed tested for feasibility adaptation strategies improve residential settlements. is based on a system analysis grounded theory that involved field methods including key informant (KI) interviews collection data information from local offices other secondary sources....

Abstract The last decade has witnessed the emergence and rise of trade disputes over renewable energy support measures. By pitting against environment, these ignited a considerable debate adequacy green policy space available under WTO law. This article examines whether to what extent first ten years litigation settled key issues in this by undertaking systematic analysis developments case law landscape. reveals that raised more questions than answers much uncertainty remains as scope for...

US – COOL is the latest in a serious of cases dealing with technical regulations. This case arises from complaints made by Canada and Mexico against mandatory requirements for certain meat products. claimed that set statutory regulatory provisions requiring retailers to provide country origin information on covered commodities they sell, including beef pork, are inconsistent Articles 2.1 2.2 Agreement Technical Barrier Trade (“TBT Agreement”) III:4 X:3(a) General Tariffs 1994 (“GATT 1994”)....

The Southern African Development Community (‘SADC’) Tribunal is one of the major sub-regional courts established by countries over past few decades. It was pursuant to Article 9 (1) Treaty (‘SADC Treaty’) together with five other original SADC institutions spearhead regional cooperation and integration in Africa. As set out 16 Treaty, main purpose ‘to ensure adherence proper interpretation provisions subsidiary instruments adjudicate upon such disputes as may be referred it’. such, judicial...

This entry provides a detailed account of the troubled birth and premature death Southern African Development Community Tribunal. SADC Member States formally established Tribunal in 1993 with broad jurisdiction as one key organs SADC. The became fully operational only after 12 years, but its lifespan was cut short when it ruled against Zimbabwe land reform program early cases. explores how (under Robert Mugabe) cooperation other dismantled by first refusing to (re)appoint judges eventually...

Abstract The key to tackling climate change and other environmental concerns primarily lies in the transition away from fossil fuels. Making this happen a just timely manner requires rapid radical changes not only energy sources technologies but also broader socioeconomic legal assemblages that are built around production consumption. International trade law is one of critical can help accelerate or hinder transition. This article focuses on multilateral trading system examines role...

At their Ise-Shima Summit on 26-27 May 2016, the G7 leaders agreed to end fossil fuel subsidies (FFSs) and called other countries do same. This agreement is latest in a series of non-binding intergovernmental agreements phase out FFSs since 2009 G20 Summit. The Agreement, however, represents first attempt set specific deadline for phasing at level. In statement released shortly after its announcement, Sierra Club Executive Director Michael Brune hailed as “an important step forward our...

Over the past few years, renewable energy subsidies have become one of main sources trade disputes in WTO. A total six cases been initiated against subsidy programs since first such was brought by Japan Canada's Feed Tariff (FIT) program 2010. Yet not even a single case has so far much larger and environmentally harmful fossil fuel subsidies. The objective this paper is to examine what makes vulnerable WTO dispute, as compared

Abstract This article examines the alignment of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) with domestic development policies. The analysis reveals presence considerable disparity between Ethiopian BITs and country's policies importance ensuring consistency two. potential options to resolve this can be combined on a case-by-case basis, depending different challenges, such as bargaining power, political commitment, procedural requirements resistance from other treaty partners. changing dynamics...

This article examines whether and to what extent the Dispute Settlement System (DSS) of World Trade Organization (WTO) could should serve as a venue for international climate litigation. The tackles these questions in three parts. First, it maps nature features trade-related Second, considers prospect such litigation under existing substantive procedural rules WTO. Third, investigates WTO DSS finds that while pro-climate remains limited, anti-climate is likely increase, an appropriate...

Ethiopia’s formal request to join the WTO was submitted on 13 January 2003, following more than a decade long unilateral trade liberalization pursued as part of country’s effort transform itself from centrally planned market-oriented economy. Joining considered an additional step forward fully consistent with gradual economic transition process. However, eleven years down line, Ethiopia is still nowhere near joining WTO. Sixteen countries, including seven least-developed economies have...

The Southern African Development Community (‘SADC’) Tribunal is one of the major sub-regional courts established by countries over past few decades. It was pursuant to Article 9 (1) Treaty (‘SADC Treaty’) together with five other original SADC institutions spearhead regional cooperation and integration in Africa. As set out 16 Treaty, main purpose ‘to ensure adherence proper interpretation provisions subsidiary instruments adjudicate upon such disputes as may be referred it’. such, judicial...

Abstract Environmentally harmful fossil fuel subsidies were notably absent from efforts to enhance the mutual supportiveness of trade and environment in multilateral trading system. However, a combination factors has recently propelled regulation such up agenda. The launched initiative negotiate plurilateral Agreement on Climate Change, Trade Sustainability (ACCTS) represents latest most ambitious growing number initiatives discipline subsidies. This article examines that brought prominence...

Abstract This article examines whether and to what extent the dispute settlement system (DSS) of World Trade Organization (WTO) could should serve as a venue for international climate litigation. The tackles these questions in three parts. First, it maps nature features trade‐related Second, considers prospect such litigation under existing substantive procedural rules WTO. Third, investigates WTO DSS finds that while pro‐climate remains limited, anti‐climate is likely increase, an...