Abstract Losses in yield of spring wheat due to infestations Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) were determined for 700 000 ha arable land northeast Saskatchewan, Canada 1983. The proportion kernels infested ( y ) was a power function the number wheat-midge larvae x = 35.3 0.725 ). One, 2, 3, and 4 per kernel resulted level infestation 38, 58, 78, 96%, respectively. There no significant difference between levels from fields sampled at heading stage crop growth estimates these harvest time. Yield...

Abstract Climate change may dramatically affect the distribution and abundance of organisms. With world's population size expected to increase significantly during next 100 years, we need know how climate might impact our food production systems. In particular, estimates future alter agricultural pests. We used projections from two general circulation models (GCMs) global climate, Canadian Centre for Modelling Analysis GCM (CGCM2) Hadley model (HadCM3), A2 B2 scenarios Special Report on...

Abstract The wheat midge Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) occurred in all wheat-growing areas of Manitoba during 1993–1997, with 95% spring fields having some seeds infested by larvae. level infestation varied, but each year excess 20% were fields. Infestation levels adjacent more similar than separated a few kilometres. Within fields, the was at edge and near centre. Wheat larvae also overwintered in, adults emerged from, Manitoba. Adults from end June to July most years, peak period for...

Abstract Inheritance of resistance to a wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), was investigated in spring wheats derived from nine resistant winter cultivars. F 1 hybrids were obtained crosses between and susceptible wheats, used generate doubled haploid populations. These populations segregated ratio 1:1 susceptible, indicating that single gene confers the resistance. The 2 progeny an intercross among sources did not segregate for Therefore, same all resistance, although other genes...

Abstract Cereal leaf beetle, Oulema melanopus L., is an invasive pest insect of small grain cereal crops, particularly oat, wheat, and barley. The first report beetle populations in North America came from Michigan 1962. Surveys indicate that have become established throughout eastern Ontario to Alabama northwestern Utah southern British Columbia. establishment O. western has raised concern its presence a potential risk the Canadian industry, especially prairie ecozone Canada, where up 10...

Climate is the dominant factor determining distribution and abundance of most insect species. In recent years, issue climatic changes caused by human activities effects on agriculture has raised concern. General circulation model scenarios were applied to a bioclimatic Melanoplus sanguinipes assess potential impact global warming its relative abundance. Native North America widely distributed, M. one grasshopper species continent responsible for economic damage grain, oilseed, pulse, forage...

Abstract Producers in the semi-arid Dark Brown Chernozemic (Typic Boroll) soil zone of Canadian Prairie are contemplating changes to land-use practices, moving away from conventional high-input production systems that specialize one or two annual grain crops more diversified and extended cropping use reduced-input organic management practices. This study examined economic merits nine systems, consisting a factorial combination three input methods levels diversity. It was conducted over...

The cabbage seedpod weevil (CSW), Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is an important pest of brassicaceous crops, including canola ( Brassica napus Linnaeus). CSW consumes seeds its host from inside the developing pods. It was introduced to North America Europe and now occurs throughout United States Canada. Climate one most factors that determines species distribution abundance. CLIMEX a bioclimate model development application. Based on climate inputs,...

Abstract The cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham), was discovered infesting canola [ Brassica napus L. and rapa (Brassicaceae)] in southern Alberta 1995, by 1999 its populations had reached outbreak densities. weevil has dispersed rapidly through cropland the prairies, prompting this study to assess potential for establishment Canada's primary region of production Moist Mixed Grassland Aspen Parkland ecoregions. In study, both short- (24 h) long-term (4 years)...

Abstract An interspersed refuge of susceptible plants in a resistant, spring-sown wheat crop was tested as strategy to protect resistance against evolution virulence by the midge Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), and also conserve biocontrol agent Macroglenes penetrans (Kirby). Eight replicated field experiments were conducted using seed mixtures 0, 5, 10, 15 100% or 5 with an agronomically similar expressing antibiotic gene Sm1 . The frequencies eggs, mature larvae parasitized resistant...

Abstract The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a pest of most cultivated Brassicaceae such as broccoli, canola, cauliflower, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts. species primarily has Palaearctic distribution occurs throughout Europe southwestern Asia to the Caucasus. Between 1996 1999, producers cruciferous vegetables in Ontario, Canada, reported crop damage that was consistent with symptoms characteristic C. feeding 2000, field studies confirmed this caused...

Abstract Spring wheats, Triticum aestivum L., previously identified as being lightly infested by eggs or larvae of wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin), were tested to determine if reduced infestation was the result oviposition deterrence. Oviposition deterrence measured number deposited on a line relative that check. Egg densities some these lines 10% less compared with susceptible commercial cultivar 'Roblin' in choice tests and 20% no-choice laboratory. These also deterred field,...

Economic viability and soil degradation are major issues facing farmers in the grassland ecozone of northern Great Plains. Management strategies such as crop diversification, reduced fallow, inputs being promoted solutions. However, knowledge impacts these management on is lacking. Studies using a systems approach, applied experimental framework with which to monitor assess alternate input cropping strategies, conducted through collaboration crop, pest, economic, scientists. Five examples...

Abstract The swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a pest of cruciferous crops (Brassicaceae) in Europe and North America with high potential for economic impact. Effective timing insecticide applications midge control difficult, part due to short adult lifespan. Predictive models are often used integrated management programmes facilitate the strategies. A European model, Contapré, predicting emergence was shown be inaccurate under Ontario field conditions....