The performance of the underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system is severely affected by presence air bubbles in water. Therefore, an experimental setup designed to investigate effect different sized on laser beam propagating through UWOC system. A wide range has been generated water tank varying diameter holes a copper tube and flow rates. When propagates environment bubbles, received undergoes severe intensity fluctuations. distribution these fluctuations conveys very useful...

Summary The integrated OWC‐PON architecture has a potential to overcome the limitations of existent RF technology and eliminate last mile bottleneck in geographically constrained access networks thus providing real sense broadband from core user. However, phenomenon such as atmospheric turbulence causes performance degradation systems. In dissemination multimedia services, is ultimate quality perceived by end user's visual senses. To ascertain this quantitative terms, full reference metrics...

Summary Underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) turns out to be a primary sought alternative technology, which can provide high data rate, enormous bandwidth, and low deployment cost resolve the crowded radio frequency band issues. The performance of UWOC link is significantly affected by turbulent ocean environment. In this paper, different turbulence scenarios such as salinity gradients, temperature air bubbles are considered model nature environment experimentally. These...

Free space optics (FSO) has become a potential candidate for underwater communications due to its tremendous advantages such as large bandwidth, security and high data rates than that of acoustic radio waves at moderate distances. When an optical beam interacts with water molecules, it suffers from absorption, scattering attenuation phenomenon further results into the poor reception signal. The suspended particulate matter air bubbles severely degrade system performance. in spread spatial...

In Optical communication, optical switching has become most essential part of signal processing. This paper describes 2×2 electro-optic switch based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer with Titanium(Ti) diffused in lithium niobate substrate at 1.3μm, 1.46μm and 1.55μm. Investigations been done to find the optimum value by varying titanium strip thickness for different wavelengths. By optimization major design parameters, insertion loss extinction ratio have evaluated detail. The proposed gives...

Summary In this article, an indoor environment of 5 × 3 m dimensions is considered and a total nine LED lamps are installed at the ceiling in symmetrical pattern. The inter‐spatial separation between varied to achieve dual purpose lighting communication services. multipath channel impulse response for distinct receiver locations also calculated under line‐of‐sight (LOS) non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) conditions. Several performance parameters, that is, illumination uniformity, received power...

Light emitting diode (LED) offers several advantageous properties that they can be used in many lighting applications. The optimal placement of LED lamps is very crucial for effective visible light communication (VLC). In this paper, different arrangements have been investigated and analysed using MATLAB estimating the illumination uniformity. To closely approximate practical scenario, single bounce reflections from walls has considered evaluating results. results show uniformity within room...

Summary The preceding decade has seen successful rollout of 5G and convergence broadcast broadband telecom sector. near future bandwidth demands for services such as advanced immersive multimedia are even more challenging. This led to advent 6G. access technologies need provide virtually unlimited data rates support majority applications in optical wireless communication (OWC) with its inherent advantages is a potential enabler this scenario. However, phenomenon atmospheric turbulence poses...

Summary The dimming control feature of light‐emitting diode (LED) makes it a viable candidate for indoor lighting applications. In this study, the performance variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) based visible light communication (VLC) system is investigated in detail an office room 5 × 3‐m 3 dimensions. A total four LED lamps having Lambertian radiation patterns are mounted over ceiling room. Several receiver locations chosen three different trajectories to evaluate error proposed...

Determination of liquid concentration is an important aspect which crucial for many applications such as bio-medical, environment monitoring, food safety etc. For accurate and reliable measurements solute, optical sensors offer distinct advantages over traditional sensors. This paper aims at in depth review various methods determining solutions reported literature. A detailed analysis each method undertaken key issues are discussed. At last, a comparison among all the presented with eye to...

With changes in data generation and dissemination patterns, the existing RF services suffer various limitations. The Optical Wireless Communications (OWC) due to its obvious benefits has become a strong candidate for delivery of multimedia 5G beyond networks. However, OWC's interaction with atmosphere leads performance degradation phenomenon atmospheric turbulence. In service delivery, analysis is more comprehensively dealt Quality Experience (QoE) studies. Structure Similarity Index (SSIM)...