This paper presents the shared dedicated lane (SDL) strategy, designed to optimize utilization and enhance traffic flow in mixed environments with connected automated trucks (CATs) human-driven vehicles (HDVs). The strategy consists of two components: Platoon Optimal Formation (POF) model, which minimizes fuel consumption for CATs by determining most efficient platoon formations, Two-Lane Cellular Automaton (TCA) simulates vehicle movements, introduces lane-changing rules, establishes CAT...

The present investigation discusses the advantage of using RE‐ion‐doped (Nd 3+ , Tm and Er ) TeO 2 glasses for developing fiber planar broadband amplifiers lasers. spectroscopy fibers is discussed along with thermal properties glass hosts. results emission from 3 H 4 level in single‐mode ‐doped tellurite show that band overlaps I 13/2 Nd F 3/2 silicate glasses, thereby enabling development lasers between 1350 1650 nm. Recent Z‐scan measurements nonlinear refractive index absorption...

The visible and near infrared emission spectra of Er(3+)-Tm3(3+)-codoped tellurite glasses fibres were measured with the excitation an 800 nm laser. A broad extending from 1.35 mum to 1.6 a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) ~160 was recorded in 24 cm long 0.2 wt% Er(2)O(3) 1.0 Tm(2)O(3) codoped fibre. Energy transfer between Er(3+) Tm(3+) play important roles luminescence mechanism. These results indicate that Er(3+)-Tm(3+) fibre could be promising material for broadband light source...

In this letter, a reflective metasurface composed of double-layer metallic L-patterns is designed. Both the simulated and measured results demonstrate that when incident angle ranges from 0° to 30°, can be regarded as three-band polarization converter. On one hand, convert TM (TE) polarized wave into right (left)-handed circularly 9.1 16.5 GHz well left (right)-handed 20.0 25.4 GHz. other realize cross-polarization conversion between TE waves 17.4 18.9 addition, transmission model expanded...

A method of improving the diversity and capacity multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems in nonisotropic multipath environments by loading a scatterer array is proposed. The difference between super-resolution imaging discussed first. phase differences caused "effective space" adjacent antenna elements are critical factors enhancement. array, which made cross-structure periodically, placed on top to adjust center radiation pattern each port. By increasing "equivalent size" correlation...

An optical fiber humidity sensor based on an Fabry-Perot interferometer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The constructed by a short section of hollow-core coated with polyimide (PI) film. Taking advantage the direct response PI film, sensitivity up to 1.309 nm/%RH can be achieved in change range from 40% RH 80% RH. temperature measured 43.57 pm/°C when changes 25°C 55°C. Because its simple structure, fast time, convenient production, good reproducibility, will competitive field...

In this letter, a frequency-scanning planar antenna composed of phase gradient metasurface and feed structure is proposed. The can couple the wave from into spatial radiated whose propagation direction manipulated by frequency as long provides similar electromagnetic field to that spoof surface plasmon polariton rather than exciting polariton. Both simulation measured results demonstrate works well in range 8.9 9.5 GHz, magnitude reflection coefficient maintains lower -10 dB with minimum...

In this paper, a tangential network transmission theory is established for the reflective metasurface composed of periodic subwavelength metallic elements and perfect electrical conductor (PEC)-backed substrate. The divided into two parts. first part shows that oblique incidence can be handled same way as normal PEC-backed substrate in terms components electric fields wave vector. Therefore, extended from to metasurface, whose total reflection matrix depends on induction air-substrate...

Direction-of-Arrival (DoA) estimation with Coarray can resolve O(N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) sources via only O(N) physical sensor elements. When it comes to model errors, i.e., manual coupling, gain and/or phase and location whether is still effective for degree-of-freedom (DoF) enhancement has not been proved yet. In addition, calibration of the also an open problem, which deserves more attentions. This paper...

We investigate the representation theory of polynomial core quantum Teichmuller space a punctured surface S. This is purely algebraic object, closely related to combinatorics simplicial complex ideal cell decompositions Our main result that irreducible finite-dimensional representations this are classified, up finitely many choices, by group homomorphisms from fundamental isometry hyperbolic 3--space. exploit connection between algebra and geometry exhibit new invariants diffeomorphisms

In this letter, an analytical design of the cross polarization converter is proposed in microwave regime. The gangbuster metasurface constructed by periodic metallic cutlines placed on substrate layer with back sheet. Based circuit model and network transmission theory, reflection coefficients can be calculated even though or elements change. Conversely, when resonant frequencies are previously given according to actual situation, geometric parameters analytically solved. Theoretical...

A low radar cross section (RCS) planar antenna using phase gradient metasurface is proposed in this paper. The works the X-band and fed by a parallel plate waveguide power divider. designed coplanar with feeding structure couples guided waves divider to radiation waves. According generalized reflection law, frequency scanning beam direction can be steered slightly from 16.6° 13°. linearly polarized, however, RCS reduced significantly for arbitrary polarized incident was simulated,...

In this paper, we propose a theory by extending the Babinet principle to periodic subwavelength anisotropic metallic crevice elements A <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sup> in interface of different substrates. The significance proposed is that it can readily be used transfer solution its complementary xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sup> . First, established for and magnetic Am according uniqueness theorem...

It has been shown that the angular correlation of antenna can be obtained by rotating it in a reverberation chamber (RC), and radiation pattern under test (AUT) reconstructed from measured coefficients using spherical wave decomposition. However, coefficient needs to measuring complex-valued S-parameters an RC, which is no longer applicable active tests where phase information unavailable. To solve this problem, we propose reconstruction method based on phaseless measurement RC. In method,...

It has been experimentally demonstrated that the antenna pattern can be reconstructed using correlation coefficients and spherical wave expansion in a well-stirred large reverberation chamber (RC) when under test (AUT) little impact on testing environment, but method becomes ineffective for loaded RCs. To solve this problem, we apply compensation to reconstruction process by reference antenna, enabling AUT RC. In proposed method, original radiation of is measured an anechoic (AC),...

In this letter, the calculus of variations is applied to boundary condition gangbuster metasurface based on assumed current distribution. theory, radiated field from periodic can be deposed into a series Floquet's modes, which results in an integral equation about surface density. Furthermore, due smaller periodicity than operation wavelength, zero-order reflection coefficient derived through its Especially, variably stable for induced case, approximate sine distribution provided, yielding...