Functionality of the photosynthetic system under water stress is major importance in drought tolerance. Oat (Avena sativa L.) doubled haploid (DH) lines obtained by pollination F 1 oat crosses with maize were used to assess differences plant genotypic response soil drought. The investigations based on measurements gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics. Drought was applied 17-day-old seedlings withholding for 14 days subsequent recovery. Non-stressed optimally watered plants...

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a vegetable frequently exposed to hypoxia stress induced either by being submerged, flooded or provided with limited oxygen in hydroponic cultivation systems. The purpose of the study was establish metabolic mechanisms responsible for overcoming two tomato accessions different tolerance this stress, selected based on morphological and physiological parameters. For purpose, 3-week-old plants (plants at juvenile stage) waterlogging-tolerant (WL-T), i.e., POL...

Differences in the composition and structural organisation of extracellular matrix correlate with morphogenic competence callus tissue that originated from isolated endosperm kiwifruit. The chemical matrix, including cell wall layer on its surface, may correspond a tissue. In presented study, this relationship was found had been differentiated kiwiberry, Actinidia arguta. experimental system based samples exactly same age an but were cultured under controlled conditions promoting either...

Abstract Endosperm, an ephemeral and storage tissue, serves as a source of nutrition protection during embryo development germination. It can be used for the cultivation polyploid plants in vitro. Here, results plant regeneration acclimatization from endosperm-derived calli four cultivars Actinidia arguta has been presented. Seeds excised fresh fruit dry seeds stored one year served sources endosperm explants selected tetraploid A. . Callus Induction Medium (CIM; containing 0.25, 0.5, or 1...

Endosperm is an interesting model for in vitro experiments, because of its unique origin, development and ploidy level. Here we used Actinidia deliciosa endosperm-derived callus to investigate morphology, histology chemistry extracellular matrix (ECM) structures morphogenically stable tissue from long - term culture. SEM TEM analysis showed that ECM a heterogenous layer which consists amorphous, dark – staining material, osmiophilic granules reticulated fibres outside the outer cell wall....

This is the first report of molecular markers application for analysis endosperm-derived callus and nonaploid kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa, formerly: Actinidia deliciosa) plants. As a source explants, fruits ‘Hayward’, most popular cultivar, were used. Additionally, analyses nuclear DNA content sex conducted on regenerated Hexaploid seedlings used as control flow cytometric analyses. Most plants (about 90%) via possessed 2C = 9Cx DNA, which confirmed their endosperm origin...

Abstract Cereals are known to be recalcitrant the induction of morphogenesis in vitro and majority methods used callus-mediated species/genotype-dependent. In present investigation, a method from immature scutella selected barley cultivars was used, particular attention paid histology initial stages regeneration process order confirm whether it occurs directly or indirectly (via callus formation). The length period inoculating on medium obtaining plantlets depended cultivar individual...

<em>Helianthus tuberosus</em> is economically important species. To improve characters of this energetic plant via genetic modification, production callus tissue and regeneration are the first steps. A new, potentially cultivar Albik was used in study to test induction regeneration. Callus produced on leaves, petioles, apical meristems stems from field-harvested plants but totally non-morphogenic. Its started cortex vascular bundles as confirmed by histological analysis. The...

Abstract Key message Macroscopic, ultrastructural, and molecular features—like a ball shape, the presence of starch granules, up-regulation genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism secondary metabolite biosynthesis—distinguish PT regions within callus. The modification mass pluripotent cells into de novo shoot bud regeneration is highly relevant to developmental biology for agriculture biotechnology. This study deals with protuberances (PT), structures that appear during organogenic...

Despite numerous studies, the role of hormones in induction shoot apical meristem leading to reproductive development, especially regarding thermoperiodic plants, is still not fully understood. The key problem separating effects low temperature required for vernalization from those responsible stress. An earlier experiment demonstrated correlation between an increase cytokinin level parts winter rapeseed and transition time into their phase during vernalization, i.e., treatment. From data...

To show differences between plants of Actinidia deliciosa var. regenerated from endosperm-derived callus (with 3C amounts DNA) and those obtained seeds, observation their stomata leaf hairs density was carried out. Stomata are the features which often related to ploidy status plants. Our revealed that for plants, represents DNA level, higher than plantlets showing 2C content. Additionally, seems be also in regenerants. This is first morpho-histological studies kiwifruits endosperm tissue.

Rumex tianschanicus × patientia is a high-biomass-yielding plant suitable for fuel and biogas production. The protocol of the hybrid sorrel micropropagation was used to study changes in photosystem II (PSII) activity as well analyse ultrastructure chloroplasts. lowest effective PSII quantum yield [Y(II)] an apparent electron transport rate [ETR(II)] were observed adventitious shoots that had been regenerated vitro, before rooting. These fluorescence parameters higher similar both leaves same...

Rumex tianschanicus × R. patientia is a cross between English spinach (R. L.) as female line and Tien Shan sorrel A. Los.) male (Ust’ak & Ust’akova 2004; HavliAkova Suchý 2010). This hybrid significantly exceeds both the original plants many traditional feed crops in terms of quality production yields above-ground biomass seeds. Long-term trials confirmed that one perennial energetic with most potential, suitable for fuel cultivation renewable source energy European temperate-climate...

Experiments conducted on isolated endosperm under in vitro conditions have opened new possibilities to investigate this specific and unique plant tissue. Results are important as well for basic knowledge agriculture practice.