Abstract Neither the routes through which humin byproducts are formed, nor their molecular structure have yet been unequivocally established. A better understanding of formation and physicochemical properties humins, however, would aid in making biomass conversion processes more efficient. Here, an extensive multiple‐technique‐based study formation, structure, morphology humins is presented as a function sugar feed, presence additives (e.g., 1,2,4‐trihydroxybenzene), applied processing...

γ-Valerolactone (GVL) is considered a very interesting green, bio-based platform chemical with high application potential. We here describe research activities on the one-pot catalytic synthesis of GVL from C6-sugar sources (D-glucose, D-fructose, sucrose and cellulose) using an acid catalyst in combination hydrogenation (Ru/C) either molecular hydrogen or formic as donor. When acid, highest yield (52 mol%) was obtained at 180 °C, 16 h reaction time D-fructose source. The major by-products...

The use of inorganic salts as catalysts for the reactions d-glucose in aqueous solutions a batch reactor is reported. type salt and effect reaction time were examined detail at fixed (5 mM) concentration (0.1 M) temperature 140 °C. Al(III) Cr(II) gave highest conversion d-glucose. Typical products organic acids like lactic acid, levulinic furanics hydroxymethylfurfural insoluble (humins). chemo-selectivity clear function salt. For Al(III), major water soluble product was Zn(II) HMF formed...

Levulinic acid (LA) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) have been identified as promising biomass-derived platform chemicals. A kinetic study on the conversion of d-fructose to HMF LA in water using sulfuric catalyst has performed batch setups. The experiments were carried out a temperature window 140–180 °C, (0.005–1 M) an initial concentration between 0.1 1 M. model for subsequent reaction was developed including kinetics formation solid byproducts (humins) power-law approach. According...

Abstract We herein present a study on the application of homogeneous catalysts in form metal salts conversion trioses, such as dihydroxyacetone (DHA), and glyceraldehyde (GLY) to lactic acid (LA) water. A wide range (26 total) were examined. Al III identified most promising essentially quantitative LA yields (>90 mol %) obtained at 140 °C reaction time 90 min. pathway is proposed kinetic model using power law approach was developed for DHA with pyruvaldehyde (PRV) intermediate. Good...

The rapid and continuous depletion of fossil-based resources has boosted extensive research on alternative energy from renewable resources. In this sense, heterogeneous catalysts play an inevitable role in converting into fuels. performance strictly depends their structures physicochemical properties. As a rule thumb, with large specific surface areas possess more catalytic sites to enhance the overall performance. Nanoporous materials have emerged as highly active due internal area,...

Abstract Fast pyrolysis oil can be upgraded by a catalytic hydrotreatment (250–400°C, 100–200 bar) using heterogeneous catalysts such as Ru/C to hydrocarbon‐like products that serve liquid transportation fuels. Insight into the complex reaction pathways of various component fractions during is desirable reduce formation by‐products char and gaseous components. This paper deals with representative model components for carbohydrate fraction (viz., D ‐glucose ‐cellobiose) present in...

A wide range of metal halides and triflates were examined for the conversion d-glucose to HMF in DMSO. Chromium aluminium salts identified as most promising catalysts. The effect process variables like initial concentration (0.1–1.5 M), reaction time (5–360 min) temperature (100–140 °C) on yield at a fixed Al(OTf)3 (50 mM). Highest yields (60 mol%) obtained using 1 M (16 wt%), (5 140 °C. pathway involving isomerisation d-fructose followed by number dehydration steps is proposed. Kinetic...

We here report experimental and kinetic modeling studies on the conversion of sucrose to levulinic acid (LA) 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in water using sulfuric as catalyst. Both compounds are versatile building blocks for synthesis various biobased (bulk) chemicals. A total 24 experiments were performed a temperature window 80–180 °C, concentration between 0.005 0.5 M, an initial 0.05 M. Glucose, fructose, HMF detected intermediate products. The maximum LA yield was 61 mol %, obtained at...

This research investigates the modification of γ−Al₂O₃ using ammonia, urea, and magnesium acetate to enhance its catalytic properties for hydrodemetallization (HDM) hydrodesulfurization (HDS). Structural modifications affected mineral composition, crystal size distribution, textural support, with boehmite sizes consistently ranging from 7 10 nm. Textural analysis indicated that alumina supports modified urea ammonia demonstrated enhanced characteristics, including elevated specific surface...

Fast pyrolysis is as a promising and versatile technology to depolymerize concentrate sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. The liquids produced contain considerable amounts of levoglucosan (1,6-anhydro-β-d-glucopyranose), which an interesting source for glucose (GLC). Here, we report kinetic study on the conversion (LG) GLC in water using sulfuric acetic acid catalysts under wide range conditions batch setup. effects initial LG loading (0.1–1 M), concentrations (0.05–0.5 M 0.5–1 M,...

Volatile state mathematical models for quantifying the chemical components in volatile biomass pyrolysis products were developed. The component mass yield Yi rate depends linearly on its pseudo kinetic constant and remaining yield. fraction of each was modeled from derivation equation. A new model equation successfully involved variables are: number, temperature, heating rate, pre-exponential factor, activation energy related to component. yi predicted using this within a temperature range....

A series of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) NiMo supported on HY zeolites and γ-Al2O3 (NiMo/HY-γ-Al2O3) have been prepared. The appropriate amount HNO3 were necessary to optimize the textural properties acidity catalysts, allowing deep hydrodesulfurization. Moreover, best catalyst could significantly reduce concentrations dibenzothiophene (DBT) 4,6-dimethyl (4,6-DMDBT) 8.20 ppm (from 2000 ppm) 5.28 260 ppm), respectively. It also accelerate kinetics as indicated by enhanced rate constants DBT...